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Photosynthesis

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Term
Definition
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?   in the stroma  
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Where does photosynthesis take place?   In the chloroplast  
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Photosynthesis-   The conversion of light energy into chemical energy, food, or sugars  
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Formula for photosynthesis-   light energy + 6 CO2 + 12H2O Right Arrow C6H12O6 + 6O2  
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What is needed for photosynthesis to occur?   carbon dioxide, water, and light energy  
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What does carbon get reduced to?   Sugar  
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What does water get oxidized to?   oxygen  
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What is produced by photosynthesis-   glucose, water, and oxygen  
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What are major features of photosynthesis?   Light reaction and the Calvin Cycle?  
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Phototroph-   ability to use light as energy  
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Chemotroph-   require chemical energy or food  
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Autotroph-   self feed, take carbon and form it into an orgain molecules  
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Heterotroph-   human  
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Chemoheterotroph-   get energy from another source  
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Do fungi photosynthesize?   no  
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First stage of photosynthesis-   light reactions  
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Light reactions-   a series of redox reactions that convert light energy into ATP and NADPH  
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Where is light absorbed into?   photosystem one and two  
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What is water used for in photosystem 2? –   water is split and its electrons are donated to electron transport chain  
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What is the function of the CTY complex?   pumps protons from the stroma into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a proton motive force  
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Reaction center-   where electrons get pumped into in each photosystem  
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Primary electron acceptor-   where electrons get pumped out of in each photosystem  
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Photophosphorylation and chemiosmosis-   proton motive force is pumped through ATP synthase and produces ATP to be used in Calvin cycle  
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NADP+ reductase-   protein that reduces NADP+ into NADPH  
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How many electrons are moved down the electron transport chain?   2 electrons  
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What gets put into the Calvin cycle-   3 carbon, one at a time  
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Phase one of Calvin cycle-   carbon fixation, uses 6 ATP and 6 NADH  
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Phase two of Calvin cycle-   reduction, the output is one sugar molecule (G3P)  
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How many G3P molecules are used in the rest of the cycle?-   5 G3P  
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How many ATP are used in the last steps of the Calvin cycle?   3 ATP  
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Rubisco-   catalyzes the fixing of phosphate at first step of Calvin cycle  
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Cyclic electron flow-   electrons flow in a circle through photosystem one and surrounding proteins creating extra ATP  
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Pigment molecules-   embedded in thylakoid membrane, can absorb visible wavelengths of light, important to light reactions  
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Third phase of Calvin cycle-   regeneration phase  
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Photorespiration-   when the rubisco molecule grabs oxygen instead of CO2, and the plant can't produce sugar.  
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Pep carboxylase-   fixes carbon dioxide in special way. Can never make a mistake, only grabs carbon. Special enzyme  
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C4 plants-   plants that utilize pep carboxylase (i.e. corn)  
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CAM plants-   plants that maximize photosynthesis and eliminate photorespiration by fixing carbon at night and running the Calvin Cycle during the day.  
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