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Vocabulary Science 8: Evolution & Genetics

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Term
Definition
Natural Selection   Random genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code and beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival.  
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genetics   the science of studying how living things pass on characteristics (or traits) and its variations in their cell make  
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variations   A modification in structure, form or function in an organism, deviating from other organisms of the same species or group.  
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homologous structures   Structures derived from a common ancestor  
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analogous structures   different species having the same appearance, structure or function but do not share common ancestor.  
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Embryological similarities   comparisons of embryos that show relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy.  
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Taxonomy (biological classification)   The classification of organisms in a hierarchical system or in taxonomic ranks based on shared characteristics inferred from the fossil record or established by genetic analysis.  
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Law of Superposition   The law that states that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.  
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Phenotype   genetic and environmental influences come together to create an organism's physical appearance and behavior.  
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Genotype   genetic makeup of an organism  
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adaptation   Selective pressures that influence the survival and reproduction of organisms over many generations and can change the distribution of traits in the population.  
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Theory of Evolution   The theory states that species change over time.  
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Evolution   adaptation of a species over generations  
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