MicroBiology
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what is the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? | to administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells
THE PERFECT DRUG DOESNT EXIST!!
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___________ Are common metabolic products of bacteria and fungus | antibiotics
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inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms in the same habitat reduces competition for nutrients | antibiotics
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new drugs are created by chemically altering the structure of naturally occurring antibiotics to create semi synthetic drugs | chemistry and antibiotics
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some natural compounds cant be obtained without the destruction of a habitat or organismal population | synthetic drugs
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what are the three factors that must be known before starting antimicrobial therapy | the identity of the microorganism causing the infection
the degree of microoranisms susceptibility (sensitivity) to various drugs
the overall medical condtion of the patient
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________________________ of the infectious agent from body specimens should be attempted as soon as possible | Identification
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the surface of a late of special medium is spread with test bacterium | kirby-bauer technique
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profile of antimicrobial sensitivity | antibiogram
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the ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans to its minimum effective(therapeutic) dose TI is 1.1 is a riskier choice than a TI of 10 | therapeutic index
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central concept in antibiotic treatment antimicrobial drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells w/o simultaneously damaging host tissues the best drug in current use block the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms not vertebrate cell | selective toxicity
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what are the magnet targets of chemotherapeutic agents? | inhibition of cell wall synthesis
inhibition of nucleic acid(DNA & RNA) structure and function
inhibition of protein synthesis
interference with cell membrane structure or function
inhibition of folic acid synthesis
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effective against more than one group of bacteria | broad spectrum drugs
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only targets a specific group ex: polymyxin & penicillins | narrow spectrum drugs
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can be obtained naturally or synthesized in the laboratory consists of three parts: thiazolidine ring beta lactam ring variable side chain | penicillins
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narrow is | penicillins
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broad is | tetracyclines
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natural parent compound and synthetic derivatives | tetracyclines
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first modern antimicrobial drugs synthetic: dont originate from bacteria or fungi sulfisoxazole silver sulfadiazine trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole | sulfonamides or sulfa drugs
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high potency broad spectrum side effects: seizures and other brain disturbances | fluorquinolones
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what are the three major modes of action? | barring penetration of the virus into the host cell
blocking the transcription and translation of viral molecules
preventing maturation of viral particles
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adaptive responses in which microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would ordinarily be inhibitory due too the genetic versatility and adaptivity of microbial populations | drug resistance
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bacteria must be resistant to any antibiotic that they themselves produce | intrinsic
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bacterial resistance to a drug to which they were previously sensative | acquired resistance
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preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy ex:YOGURT | probiotics
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start growth nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestine | prebiotics
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bind to the enamel of teeth, causing a permanent gray to brown discoloration can cause liver damage in pregnant women cross the placenta and are deposited in fetal bones and teeth | tetracycline
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most common complaint associated with oral antimicrobial therapy also caused by disruption of the intestinal microbiota (BACTERIA) | diarrhea
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drug that acts as an antigen that stimulates the allergic response | allergy
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beneficial resident species are destroyed through antibiotic therapy microbes once small in number begin to overgrow and causes diseases | superinfection
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