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MicroBiology

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Question
Answer
what is the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?   to administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells THE PERFECT DRUG DOESNT EXIST!!  
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___________ Are common metabolic products of bacteria and fungus   antibiotics  
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inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms in the same habitat reduces competition for nutrients   antibiotics  
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new drugs are created by chemically altering the structure of naturally occurring antibiotics to create semi synthetic drugs   chemistry and antibiotics  
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some natural compounds cant be obtained without the destruction of a habitat or organismal population   synthetic drugs  
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what are the three factors that must be known before starting antimicrobial therapy   the identity of the microorganism causing the infection the degree of microoranisms susceptibility (sensitivity) to various drugs the overall medical condtion of the patient  
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________________________ of the infectious agent from body specimens should be attempted as soon as possible   Identification  
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the surface of a late of special medium is spread with test bacterium   kirby-bauer technique  
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profile of antimicrobial sensitivity   antibiogram  
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the ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans to its minimum effective(therapeutic) dose TI is 1.1 is a riskier choice than a TI of 10   therapeutic index  
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central concept in antibiotic treatment antimicrobial drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells w/o simultaneously damaging host tissues the best drug in current use block the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms not vertebrate cell   selective toxicity  
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what are the magnet targets of chemotherapeutic agents?   inhibition of cell wall synthesis inhibition of nucleic acid(DNA & RNA) structure and function inhibition of protein synthesis interference with cell membrane structure or function inhibition of folic acid synthesis  
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effective against more than one group of bacteria   broad spectrum drugs  
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only targets a specific group ex: polymyxin & penicillins   narrow spectrum drugs  
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can be obtained naturally or synthesized in the laboratory consists of three parts: thiazolidine ring beta lactam ring variable side chain   penicillins  
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narrow is   penicillins  
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broad is   tetracyclines  
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natural parent compound and synthetic derivatives   tetracyclines  
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first modern antimicrobial drugs synthetic: dont originate from bacteria or fungi sulfisoxazole silver sulfadiazine trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole   sulfonamides or sulfa drugs  
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high potency broad spectrum side effects: seizures and other brain disturbances   fluorquinolones  
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what are the three major modes of action?   barring penetration of the virus into the host cell blocking the transcription and translation of viral molecules preventing maturation of viral particles  
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adaptive responses in which microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would ordinarily be inhibitory due too the genetic versatility and adaptivity of microbial populations   drug resistance  
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bacteria must be resistant to any antibiotic that they themselves produce   intrinsic  
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bacterial resistance to a drug to which they were previously sensative   acquired resistance  
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preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy ex:YOGURT   probiotics  
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start growth nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestine   prebiotics  
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bind to the enamel of teeth, causing a permanent gray to brown discoloration can cause liver damage in pregnant women cross the placenta and are deposited in fetal bones and teeth   tetracycline  
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most common complaint associated with oral antimicrobial therapy also caused by disruption of the intestinal microbiota (BACTERIA)   diarrhea  
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drug that acts as an antigen that stimulates the allergic response   allergy  
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beneficial resident species are destroyed through antibiotic therapy microbes once small in number begin to overgrow and causes diseases   superinfection  
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