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science earthquakes

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Term
Definition
convergent   collide  
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Divergent   To divide  
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transform   to slide against each other  
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subduction   the oceanic crust goes under the continental crust  
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S wave   shakes buildings side to side  
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P wave   causes buildings to contract and expand  
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Surface wave   Shakes buildings violently  
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focus   the point which a rock a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake  
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epicenter   the point right above the focus  
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Mercalli Scale   senses how much damage the EQ is going to do  
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Richter Scale   senses the magnitude  
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Moment Magnitude Scale   senses the energy of the earthquake  
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Magnitude   measurement of an earthquake  
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tsunami   large ocean waves usually caused by earthquakes below the ocean floor  
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Liquifaction   the process in which an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose soft soil into liquid mud  
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aftershock   an earthquake that occurs after another earthquake  
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seismology   study of earthquakes  
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seismograph   an instrument that detects vibrations produced by a earthquake  
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compression   stress that squeezes rock until it folds and breaks  
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tension   stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle  
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plateau   a land form that has high elevation and a more or less level surface  
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shearing   stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in sideways movements  
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normal fault   type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; by tension in the crust  
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reverse fault   a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward: caused by compression in the Earth's crust  
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earthquake   a sudden and violent shaking of the ground  
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crust    
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fault   a fracture in the earth's crust  
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mantle   layer of the earth beneath the crust  
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lithosphere   a cool solid outer shell of the earth  
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lithospheric plates    
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