Biology Ch. 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Cell | In biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm
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Cell Theory | The theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells
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Plasma Membrane | The cell's outer boundary which covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell
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Cytoplasm | The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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Cytosol | The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes
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Nucleus | In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
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Prokaryote | A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria
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Eukaryote | An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include protists, animals, plants, and fungi but not archaea or bacteria
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Organelle | One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a common function
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Organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform body functions
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Phospholipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids which line up so their heads point outward toward the water and their tails point inward, away from the water
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Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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Nuclear Envelope | The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
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Nucleolus | The part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
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Ribosome | A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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Mitochondrion | In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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Golgi Apparatus | A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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Lysosome | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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Cytoskeleton | The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
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Microtubule | One of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement
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Microfilament | A fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement
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Flagellum | A ong, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move
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Centriole | An organelle that is active during mitosis
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Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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Central Vacuole | A large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food
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Plastid | An organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell
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Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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Thylakoid | A membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll | A green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates
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Cilium | A hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells
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