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Biochemistry questions

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Question
Answer
Which group on the Amino Acid determines its polarity?   R- group  
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In which configuration are all amino acids in proteins?   L- configuration  
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Any compound that is both an acid AND a base is called what?   amphoteric  
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What are the two enantiomers or stereoisomers that all amino acids have?   Dextro (D - right) and Levo (L - left)  
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What is the function of the amino acids trypsin and chymotrypsin?   To break down proteins.  
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What is the tissue source that excretes amylase?   The pancreas AND salivary glands.  
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What type of bond is the covalent bond between a primary amino acid groups of one amino acid and the carboxylic group of a second amino acid?   Peptide bond.  
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation used for?   To predict the net charge and isoelectric point of a protein.  
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Proteins have a minimum of _____ to ______ amino acids.   30 to 50  
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What is the most important of all biological compounds to the body?   proteins  
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Proteins are constructed from the same set of ____ amino acids.   20  
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Basic AA- contain amino groups and are fully pronated giving them a ______ charge.   positive  
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Carboxylic acids (-COOH) CANNOT exist in the presence of what?   a weak base  
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Compounds that have a positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on another atom are known as_______   Zwitterions  
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What are the four levels of structure for proteins, and what is each comprised of?   Primary- sequence of amino acids Secondary- sequences linked by hydrogen bonds (alpha helix, Beta- pleated sheet) Tertiary- folds of twisted chains made by secondary structure Quaternary- arrangement of polypeptide chains if unit has 2 or more subunits  
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The pH where an amino acid has an equal number of positively and negatively charged atoms is called the ________.   Isoelectric point  
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How are proteins characterized?   Size, Charge, Binding properties, and Solubility.  
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Which type of amino acid has hydrophobic rings and are found in the core of proteins?   Aromatic Amino Acids  
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What equation is used to predict net charge and the isoelectric point of a protein?   Henderson- Hasselbalch equation  
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Average nitrogen content in proteins is ___ % by weight   16%  
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What does adding a source of hydroxyl (OH-) do to the pH of a water solution of amino acids?   Raises the pH  
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The amino acid residue with the free -COOH group is called the ____?   C-terminal  
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What is one reason why the structure of proteins is important?   The structure is linked to diseases  
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What increases solubility by adding low amounts of salt (ammonium sulfate)?   "salting in"  
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What decreases solubility by adding large amounts of salt?   "salting out""  
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At _____ pH's, amino acids have a negative charge.   high  
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