Modern Biology Chapter 1 Section 1
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Biology | The study of life
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Organization | The high degree of order within an organism`s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world
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Cell | The smallest unit that can preform all life processes
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Unicellular | an organism that consists of a single cell
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multicellular | a tissue, organ, or organism that is made of many cells
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organs | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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tissues | group of cells that have similar abilities to allow the organs to function
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organelles | tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
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biological molecules | chemical compounds that provide physical that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions
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homeostasis | maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environment conditions are constantly changing
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metabolism | the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment
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cell division | the formation of two cells from one existing cell
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development | the process by which an organism becomes mature
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reproduction | organisms produce more organisms like themselves
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gene | short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism
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domains | major subdivisions of all organisms
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kingdoms | another system of grouping organisms; divides all life into 6 major categories
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ecology | branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment
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ecosystems | communities of living species in their physical environments
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evolution | descent with modification
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natural selection | organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive in and reproduce successfully, than those without these traits
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adaptations | traits that improve an individuals ability to survive
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scientific method | the organized approach to learn how the natural world works
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observation | the act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question
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hypothesis | a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions
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prediction | a statement that forecasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true
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experiment | used to test a hypothesis and its predictions
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control group | provides a normal standard which a biologist can compare results of the experimental group
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experimental group | in an experiment a group that is identical to the control group except for one factor
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independent variable | in an experiment the factor that is deliberately manipulated
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dependent variable | in an experiment the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors
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theory | an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation experimentation or reasoning that is supported by a large quantity of evidence and doesn't conflict with any experimental results or observations
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peer review | the process in which experts in a given field examine the results of a scientists study before that study is accepted for publication
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compound light microscope | a microscope that uses light to illuminate a specimen that is then magnified by two lenses
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eyepiece (ocular lenses) | the part of a microscope the magnifies an image usually ten times
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objective lens | the part sofa compound light microscope that is located directly above the specimen that magnifies
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stage | a platform of a compound light microscope that supports the slide holding the specimen
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light source | the source of light
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magnification | the increase of an objects apparent size by using lenses of mirrors
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nose piece | the part of a compound light microscope that holds the objective in place above the specimen
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resolution | in microscopes the ability to form images in fine detail
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scanning electron microscope | a microscope that produces an enlarged three dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light
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transmission electron | a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thing sliced specimen
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microscope | a tool used to look at very small things
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metric system | a system for measuring
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base unit | one of the fundamental units of measuring length weight mass time and other quantities
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