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Prenatal Develp, Face & Neck Develp, Orofacial Struct Develp

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Answer
3 embryonic layers are called?   Trilaminar disc  
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Trilaminar disc is involved in   facial development  
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The embryonic layers (trilaminar disc)are   ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm  
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Development of the face includes?   primitive mouth, mandibular arch, maxillary processes, frontonasal process, nose  
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Facial development depends on what 5 facial process (also called prominences)?   frononasal process, paired maxillary processes, paried mandibular processes  
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The processes surround?   embryo's primitive mouth  
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Adult face is divided into what portions?   thirds, upper, middle and lower  
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These portions roughly correspond to?   the centers of facial growth  
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Facial development starts and ends?   starts in the 4th week and will be completed later in the 12th week  
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Upper portion of the face is derived from?   frontonasl process  
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Middle portion of the face is derived from?   paired maxillary processes  
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Lower portion of the face is derived from?   paired mandibular processes  
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Most facial tissues develop by fusion of?   swelling tissues or tissues on the same surface if the embryo  
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Located between the adjecent swellings as they are created by growth, morphogenesis, differentiation are?   Cleft or groove  
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During fusion, groove are eliminated by underlying?   mesenchymal tissues migrate into the groove making the surface smooth  
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During fusion of grooves, mesenchyme grows and merges?   beneath the external ectoderm  
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The over all growth of face is?   inferior and anterior direction  
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Upper face growth is?   rapid  
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Middle and lower face grows?   slowly over prolong period of time  
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Upper face (forehead) ceases to grow?   after 12 years of age  
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Middle and lower face ceases to grow?   late puberty, eruption of 3rd molars (17-21 years of age) marks end of major growth.  
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Facial bone growth ceases?   depending on center of bone formation by intramembranous ossification  
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Definition of disintegration?   loss of unity, cohesion or integrity  
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Stomodeum initially appears as?   shallow depression in ectoderm at cephalic end before the 4th week. It is limited in depth by oropharyngeal membrane  
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Oropharyngeal membrane consists of?   external ectoderm overlying endoderm (which was formed by the third week)  
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Oropharyngeal membrane seperates the stomodeum from the?   primitive pharynx  
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The primitive pharynx is the cranial portion of the?   forgut  
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane happens?   4th week  
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane increases?   depth in the primitive mouth  
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane gives access to?   outside fluids from amniotic cavity to reach stomodeum and internal primitive pharynx  
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stomodeum gives rise to?   oral cavity which will be lined by oral epithelium  
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Within the 4th week the stomodeum has two bulges of tissue appear inferior to the primitive mouth?   mandibular processes  
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The mandibular processes consist of a core of   mesenchyme formed in part by neural crest cells that migrate to facial region  
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Paired mandibular processes fuse together to form the?   mandibular arch  
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In the midline of the mandibular arch is a faint ridge an indication of?   the mandibular symphysis  
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Mandibular arch is considered the first?   branchial arch  
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All branchial arches depend on?   neural crest cells for its formation  
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During growth of the mandibular arch cartilage forms?   within each side of the arch  
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Cartilage that grows on each side of the mandibular is is called?   Meckel's cartilage  
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Most of the mandibular cartilage disappears as?   the bony mandible forms by intramembranous ossification  
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The remaining mandibular cartilage participates in?   the formation of the middle ear bones (malleus & incus)  
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Mandibular arch gives rise to?   lower face, lower lip, mandible, mandibular teeth, associated tissues  
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Part of the perichondrium surrounding Meckel's cartilage becomes?   ligaments of the jaw and middle ear  
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The mesoderm of mandibular arch forms?   the mastication muscles, palatal muscles, and superhyoid muscles  
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Muscles derived from mandibular arch are innervated by?   the nerve of the first arch  
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The nerve of the first arch is?   the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve  
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The mandibular arch is involved in the formation of the?   tongue  
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During the 5th and 6th week mandibular arch primitive muscle cells from mesoderm?   differentiate  
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Mandibular arch primitive muscles cells from mesoderm?   become oriented to site of masticatory muscles  
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During 7th week mandibular muscle mass has enlarged, cells mirgrate and differentiate into?   4 muscles of mastication  
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4 muscles of mastication are?   masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, temporalis muscles  
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Masseter and medial pterygoid cells form?   vertical sling that will form angle of the mandible  
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Temporalis muscle differentiates in?   temporal fossa & coronoid process  
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Lateral pterygoid muscle cells arise from the?   infratemporal fossa and extends horizontally into condylar neck and the articular disc  
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Nerve branches from trigeminal cranial nerve are?   incorporated early in mastication muscle masses  
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