Prenatal Develp, Face & Neck Develp, Orofacial Struct Develp
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3 embryonic layers are called? | Trilaminar disc
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Trilaminar disc is involved in | facial development
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The embryonic layers (trilaminar disc)are | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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Development of the face includes? | primitive mouth, mandibular arch, maxillary processes, frontonasal process, nose
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Facial development depends on what 5 facial process (also called prominences)? | frononasal process, paired maxillary processes, paried mandibular processes
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The processes surround? | embryo's primitive mouth
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Adult face is divided into what portions? | thirds, upper, middle and lower
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These portions roughly correspond to? | the centers of facial growth
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Facial development starts and ends? | starts in the 4th week and will be completed later in the 12th week
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Upper portion of the face is derived from? | frontonasl process
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Middle portion of the face is derived from? | paired maxillary processes
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Lower portion of the face is derived from? | paired mandibular processes
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Most facial tissues develop by fusion of? | swelling tissues or tissues on the same surface if the embryo
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Located between the adjecent swellings as they are created by growth, morphogenesis, differentiation are? | Cleft or groove
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During fusion, groove are eliminated by underlying? | mesenchymal tissues migrate into the groove making the surface smooth
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During fusion of grooves, mesenchyme grows and merges? | beneath the external ectoderm
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The over all growth of face is? | inferior and anterior direction
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Upper face growth is? | rapid
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Middle and lower face grows? | slowly over prolong period of time
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Upper face (forehead) ceases to grow? | after 12 years of age
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Middle and lower face ceases to grow? | late puberty, eruption of 3rd molars (17-21 years of age) marks end of major growth.
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Facial bone growth ceases? | depending on center of bone formation by intramembranous ossification
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Definition of disintegration? | loss of unity, cohesion or integrity
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Stomodeum initially appears as? | shallow depression in ectoderm at cephalic end before the 4th week. It is limited in depth by oropharyngeal membrane
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Oropharyngeal membrane consists of? | external ectoderm overlying endoderm (which was formed by the third week)
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Oropharyngeal membrane seperates the stomodeum from the? | primitive pharynx
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The primitive pharynx is the cranial portion of the? | forgut
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane happens? | 4th week
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane increases? | depth in the primitive mouth
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Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane gives access to? | outside fluids from amniotic cavity to reach stomodeum and internal primitive pharynx
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stomodeum gives rise to? | oral cavity which will be lined by oral epithelium
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Within the 4th week the stomodeum has two bulges of tissue appear inferior to the primitive mouth? | mandibular processes
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The mandibular processes consist of a core of | mesenchyme formed in part by neural crest cells that migrate to facial region
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Paired mandibular processes fuse together to form the? | mandibular arch
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In the midline of the mandibular arch is a faint ridge an indication of? | the mandibular symphysis
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Mandibular arch is considered the first? | branchial arch
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All branchial arches depend on? | neural crest cells for its formation
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During growth of the mandibular arch cartilage forms? | within each side of the arch
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Cartilage that grows on each side of the mandibular is is called? | Meckel's cartilage
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Most of the mandibular cartilage disappears as? | the bony mandible forms by intramembranous ossification
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The remaining mandibular cartilage participates in? | the formation of the middle ear bones (malleus & incus)
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Mandibular arch gives rise to? | lower face, lower lip, mandible, mandibular teeth, associated tissues
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Part of the perichondrium surrounding Meckel's cartilage becomes? | ligaments of the jaw and middle ear
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The mesoderm of mandibular arch forms? | the mastication muscles, palatal muscles, and superhyoid muscles
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Muscles derived from mandibular arch are innervated by? | the nerve of the first arch
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The nerve of the first arch is? | the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve
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The mandibular arch is involved in the formation of the? | tongue
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During the 5th and 6th week mandibular arch primitive muscle cells from mesoderm? | differentiate
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Mandibular arch primitive muscles cells from mesoderm? | become oriented to site of masticatory muscles
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During 7th week mandibular muscle mass has enlarged, cells mirgrate and differentiate into? | 4 muscles of mastication
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4 muscles of mastication are? | masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, temporalis muscles
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Masseter and medial pterygoid cells form? | vertical sling that will form angle of the mandible
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Temporalis muscle differentiates in? | temporal fossa & coronoid process
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Lateral pterygoid muscle cells arise from the? | infratemporal fossa and extends horizontally into condylar neck and the articular disc
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Nerve branches from trigeminal cranial nerve are? | incorporated early in mastication muscle masses
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