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Joints

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Question
Answer
joints are also called:   articulations  
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functions of joints:   hold skeleton together & gives skeleton mobility  
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2 classification of joints:   structural & functional  
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the structural classification of joints are based on:   joint cavity & material joint is made up of  
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functional classification of joints are based on___   movement  
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3 types of functional classification of joints:   synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses  
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what are synarthroses?   no movement  
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what are amphiarthroses?   some movement  
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___ are freely movable joints   diarthroses  
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the less movable the joint, the more ___ it is   stable  
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what are the 3 structural classification of joints?   fibrous joints, synovial joints, & cartilaginous joints  
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fibrous joints are joined by what type of tissue?   dense fibrous connective tissue  
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fibrous joints has:   no joint cavity & are immovable  
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what are the 3 types of fibrous joints?   sutures, syndesmoses & gomphoses  
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___ are immovable joints for protection of the brain   sutures  
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sutures are made up of ___ tissue fibers   short connective  
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in middle age, sutures ossify and fuse and are called:   syntoses (bony junctions)  
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sutures only occur in __   the brain  
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___ allows for growth during youth   sutures  
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with syndesmoses, movement depends on:   length of connecting fibers  
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which fibrous joints are bones connected by ligaments?   syndesmoses  
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peg-in-socket joints belong to which fibrous joints?   gomphoses  
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cartilaginous joints:   has joint cavity & are highly movable  
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2 types of cartilaginous joints are:   synchrondoses & symphyses  
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synchondroses are united by ___ cartilage   hyaline  
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all synchondroses are___   synarthrotic  
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after the plate closes, synchondroses become ___   syntoses  
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symphyses are united by what cartilage?   fibrocartilage  
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symphyses act as:   shock absorbers  
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synovial joints are all:   diarthrotic  
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synovial joints includes:   all limbs  
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most joints of the body are:   synovial joints  
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bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity are called:   synovial joints  
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6 characteristics of synovial joints:   joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, nerves/blood vessels, reinforcing ligaments & articular cartilage  
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what is the purpose of articular cartilage in synovial joints?   prevents crushing of bone ends  
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the articular cartilage in synovial joints is made up which cartilage?   hyaline  
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the articular capsule in synovial joints consists of what 2 layers?   external fibrous layer & inner synovial membrane  
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the inner synovial membrane makes:   synovial fluid  
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___ lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage   synovial fluid  
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synovial fluid has phagocytic cells to:   remove debris  
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___ detect pain, stretch, and monitor joint position   nerve fibers  
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___ supply filtrate for synovial fluid   capillary beds  
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fatty pads & articular discs(menisci) are features of:   synovial joints  
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fatty pads are used for:   cushioning between fibrous layer & synovial membrane  
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menisci stablizes joint & reduces:   wear & tear  
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bursae & tendon sheath are associated with what type of joint?   synovial joints  
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bursae ___ where ligaments, muscles, skin, bones or tendons rub together   reduce friction  
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origin:   attachment to immovable bone  
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insertion:   attachment to movable bone  
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___ causes insertion to move toward origin   muscle contraction  
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nonaxial   slipping movements only  
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uniaxial   movement in 1 plane  
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biaxial   movement in 2 planes  
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multiaxial   movement in or around all 3 planes  
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abduction is movement___   away from midline  
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adduction is movement__   toward midline  
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2 examples of a gliding movement is:   intercarpal and intertarsal joints  
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medial rotation is:   towards midline  
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lateral rotation is:   away from midline  
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2 examples of rotation is:   rotation of humerus and femur  
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the largest & most complex joint of the body is:   the knee  
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what is the most freely movement joint in the body?   ball-and-socket joint  
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dorisflexion   flexing toes  
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plantar flexion   pointing toes  
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inversion   sole of foot turned inwards  
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eversion   sole of foot turned outwards  
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supination   palms facing upwards  
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pronation   palms facing downwards  
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protraction   being drawn forward  
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refraction   being drawn backwards  
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opposition only occurs at the:   thumbs  
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movement to opposite side of appendage is called   opposition  
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2 example of the ball-and-socket joint are:   the hip and shoulder joints  
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2 examples of the hinge joint includes the __ and __   elbow and knee joints  
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diarthroses is a type of __ joint   synovial  
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synarthrosis is a type of __ joint   fibrous  
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amphiarthroses is a type of __ joint   cartilaginous  
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