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Biology Chapter 19 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
prokaryotes   unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus  
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bacilli   rod-shaped prokaryotes  
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cocci   spherical prokaryotes  
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spirilla   spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes  
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chemoheterotrophs   heterotrophic prokaryotes that take in organic molecules for energy and a supply of carbon  
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photoheterotrophs   These organisms use sunlight for energy, and take in organic compounds as a carbon source.  
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photoautotrophs   use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds and oxygen in a process similar to that used by plants  
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chemoautotrophs   make organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide  
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obligate aerobes   organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live  
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obligate anaerobes   only live in the absence of oxygen  
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facultative anaerobes   survive with or without oxygen  
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binary fission   an asexual form of reproduction  
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conjugation   a process by which bacteria exchange genetic information  
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endospore   a type of spore  
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nitrogen fixation   the process of converting nitrogen gas into a form plants can use  
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viruses   particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids  
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capsid   a virus's protein coat  
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bacteriophages   viruses that infect bacteria  
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lytic infection   the process of a host cell being lysed and destroyed  
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lysogenic infections   when a host cell makes copies of the virus indefinitely  
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prophage   viral DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA  
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retroviruses   viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information  
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pathogens   disease-causing agents  
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vaccine   a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens  
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antibiotics   compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria  
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viroids   single-stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsids.  
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prions   protein infectious particles  
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nitrogen fixation   process of converting nitrogen gas into a form plants can use  
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