Revision
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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ADH | Hormone which reduces loss of water in urine.
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Aerobic Respiration | Release of energy from food when oxygen is present.
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Allele | A version of a particular gene.
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Amylase | Enzyme which digests starch.
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Anaemia | Condition caused by lack of iron.
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Angina | Pain felt when flow restricted in coronary arteries.
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Antibiotics | Chemical produced by fungi which can kill bacteria.
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Antibodies | Produced by white cells to attack antigens.
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Antigens | Foreign chemicals, including protein, which trigger an immune response.
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Artery | Blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart.
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Atrium | Upper chamber of the heart.
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Capillaries | Minute blood vessels which form a network close to cells.
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Carbohydrase | Enzyme which digests carbohydrate.
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Carbohydrate | Sugar based food providing energy.
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Carcinogen | Chemicals which cause cancer.
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Cartilage | Smooth tissue which covers end of bones.
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Cataract | Clouding of the eye lens.
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Cell Surface Membrane | Surrounds cytoplasm and controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.
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Chemotherapy | Treatment using drugs.
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Chromosomes | Threads of genetic material in the nucleus.
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Cilia | Tiny hair like structures on surface of cells of airways.
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Ciliary Muscles | Muscles which alter the shape of the eye lens for focusing.
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Clotting | Process where blood cells are trapped in fibrin to form a clot.
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Clumping | Process where red blood cells stick together. NOT to be confused with clotting.
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Coeliac Disease | A condition where the immune system attacks gut lining, triggered by gluten.
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Constrict | Closing up or getting narrower.
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Cornea | Clear covering on eye.
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Coronary Artery | Artery that supplies heart muscle.
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Cystic Fibrosis | A genetic disorder where the person produces very sticky mucus.
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Cytoplasm | Region of cell in which most chemical reactions take place.
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Deamination | Breakdown of surplus amino acids.
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Denatured | Altered shape of an enzyme so it cannot work.
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Diabetes | Condition resulting in high blood sugar if not controlled.
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Differentiation | The process by which stem cells change to specialist cells.
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Diffusion | Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
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Digestive Juice | Juices containing enzymes, produced by the digestive system.
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Dilate | Open or get wider.
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DNA | Chemical which carries genetic code.
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Dominant | The characteristic which is shown when two different alleles are present.
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Effectors | Muscles or glands which respond to a stimuli.
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Emulsification | Breakdown of fat into droplets.
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Endocrine glands | Glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
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Enzyme | A biological catalyst made of protein.
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Epiglottis | Flap which covers opening of trachea when swallowing.
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Excretion | Removal of waste materials produced by cells.
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Fibre | Insoluble food material found in vegetables.
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Fibrin | Insoluble fibres which form a clot.
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Fibrinogen | A soluble blood protein which changes to fibrin in clotting.
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FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland.
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Gametes | Sex cells
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Gene | A section of DNA which codes for the production of protein.
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Genotype | The genes present to control a characteristic.
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Glucagon | Hormone produced by pancreas which causes an increase in blood sugar.
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Glucose | A simple sugar, the most common energy source used in respiration.
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Glycogen | An insoluble carbohydrate made from glucose molecules.
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Haemodialysis | Treatment of blood in dialysis machine.
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Haemoglobin | Protein and iron compound which carries oxygen.
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Heterozygous | The person has two different alleles for a characteristic, e.g. Aa
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Homeostasis | The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
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Homozygous | The person has two identical alleles for a characteristics, e.g. aa or AA
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Hormone | A chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands.
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Hypothalamus | Region of brain containing temperature and pressure receptors.
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Insulin | Hormone produced by pancreas which causes a reduction in blood sugar.
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Lactic Acid | Chemicals produced in anaerobic respiration.
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Lens | Focuses light onto the retina.
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LH | Luteinising hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Stimulates follicle to burst and release the ovum.
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Ligaments | Strong bands of connective tissue which hold bones together.
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Lipase | Enzyme which digests lipids.
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Lipid | Fat based food used for insulation and energy storage.
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Lymphocyte | White blood cell which produce antibodies.
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Malnutrition | Too much or too little food or lack of one or more essential nutrients.
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Meiosis | Cell division which halves the number of chromosomes to make gametes.
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Metabolism | The chemical reactions which take place in the body.
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Microvilli | Folds on cells on surface of villi.
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Mineral | Essential inorganic compounds needed for healthy growth, e.g. sodium chloride.
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Mitochondria | Cell structures which release energy in aerobic respiration.
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Mitosis | Cell division which produces two identical cells.
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Motor Nerves | Nerves which carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors.
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Mucus | Fluid produced by cells to lubricate body tubes.
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Mutation | Spontaneous change in a gene or chromosome.
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Nucleus | Cell structure containing chromosomes and controls cell activity.
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Oesophagus | The gullet, the pipe which carries food from mouth to stomach.
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Oestrogen | Hormone produced by ovary which builds up the uterus lining.
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Organ | A structure made from several tissues with a particular function. E.g. Heart
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Osmoregulation | Control of water.
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Osmosis | Net movement of water from a region of high concentration to low water concentration.
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Osteoporosis | A condition where the bone mass is reduced.
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Ovulation | Release of egg from the ovary.
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Pancreas | Gland which produces insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes.
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Pathogens | Organisms which cause disease.
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Peristalsis | Waves of muscle contraction.
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Phagocyte | White blood cell which engulfs pathogens.
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Phenotype | The physical appearance of a characteristic.
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Pituitary | Endocrine gland at base of brain.
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Placenta | Barrier between blood of mother and fetus which allows materials to diffuse across.
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Plaque | Sticky layer on teeth containing bacteria.
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Plasma | The liquid part of the blood.
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Plasmid | Ring of DNA found in bacteria.
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Platelets | Cell fragments in blood needed for clotting.
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Progesterone | Hormone produced by ovary.
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Protease | Enzyme which digests protein.
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Protein | Food used for growth and repair.
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Puberty | The age when the secondary sexual characteristics develop.
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Radiotherapy | Treatment using radiation.
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Receptors | Structures which detect stimuli.
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Recessive | A characteristic which is masked when the dominant allele is present.
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Recipient | The person who receives blood or organ.
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Red blood cell | Blood cell containing haemoglobin.
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Reflex action | An automatic response to a stimulus.
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Respiration | Release of energy from food.
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Retina | Contains light sensitive cells.
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Ribosomes | Cell structures which make protein.
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Rickets | Condition caused by lack of vitamin D.
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Saliva | Alkaline fluid containing amylase.
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Salivary Glands | Glands in cheek and under tongue.
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Scurvy | Condition caused by lack of vitamin C.
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Sense organs | Organs which contain receptor cells to detect external stimuli.
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Sensory nerves | Nerves which carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.
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Sex Linked Gene | The gene is situated on the X chromosome.
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Solute | A substance that dissolves in water.
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Sperm | Male sex cell.
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Sprain | Damage to ligaments.
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Starvation | Lack of food.
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Strains | Damage to muscle.
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Suspensory Ligaments | Small 'strings' which are attached to the eye lens.
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Synovial fluid | A fluid which lubricates joints and reduces friction.
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Synovial Joint | Joints which contain synovial fluid and can move easily.
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System | A group of organs which a shared function. E.g. circulatory system.
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Tendon | Joins muscle to bone.
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Testosterone | Hormone produced by testis.
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Thermoregulation | Control of temperature.
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Thryoxin | Hormone produced by thyroid gland which controls metabolic rate.
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Thyroid | Endocrine gland in neck.
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Tissue | A group of similar cells.
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Transfusion | Transfer of blood or blood products to a patient.
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Tumour | An abnormal growth of cells.
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Urea | Chemical made from excess amino acids found in urine.
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Urine | Solution of urea, salts and other compounds.
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Valves | Flaps to prevent backflow in circulation.
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Vector | A carrier of disease - causing organisms.
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Veins | Blood vessels which carry blood to the heart.
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Ventricle | Lower chamber in heart.
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Villi | Folds on surface of gut lining.
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Vitamin | Nutrient needed in small quantities for healthy growth.
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Voluntary action | An action which involves thinking by the brain.
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White Blood Cell | Blood cell of the immune system.
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Zygote | The first cell produced when the sperm fertilises the egg.
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Created by:
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