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Space Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
meteor   a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.  
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asteroid belt   any of thousands of dense rocky objects in orbit around the sun between Mars and Jupiter.  
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comet   A ball of ice, dust, and frozen gases that orbits the sun.  
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revolution   the movement of an object around another object.  
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rotation   the spinning motion of a planet on its axis.  
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outer planets   gas giant planets found outside of the asteroid belt.  
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inner planets   terrestrial (earth-like) planets that are dense solids located between the sun and the asteroid belt.  
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gravity   the attractive force between two objects.  
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axial tilt   the invisible axis that are tilted allowing for seasons to occur.  
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probe   a robotic spacecraft that leaves Earth’s orbit and explores space.  
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satellite   any object that revolves around another object in space. Can be artificial or natural like the moon.  
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Heliocentric Theory   Nicolaus Copernicus’ idea that the Earth, planets, and stars all revolved around the Sun.  
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Geocentric Theory   Aristotle & Ptolemy believed that the Earth was the center of the Universe and all objects revolved around it.  
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tides   the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of gravitational forces exerted by the Moon.  
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greenhouse effect   is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without an atmosphere.  
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illuminated   to light up The moon is illuminated by the sun.  
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celestial objects   Known collectively by astronomers as celestial bodies, astronomical objects, and astronomical bodies, they are the stuff that fills the empty space of the universe.  
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lunar eclipse   occurs when the Earth is between the sun and moon. Sunlight is blocked by the Earth.  
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solar eclipse   occurs during the NEW MOON PHASE when the moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the moon fully or partially blocks the Sun.  
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autumn   the season between summer and winter known as fall in North America.  
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equinox   the time and date when the sun passes directly over the equator; the length of day and night are equal (12 hours each)  
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solstice   the time and date when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator; length of day and night show greatest difference  
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orbit   revolve around circle around go around travel around  
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diameter   a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere the measurement from one side of a circle/sphere to the other side as you pass directly through the center.  
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survivable temperatures   the highest and lowest temperatures that humans can stand without dying  
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astronomer   the study of celestial objects (stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae) and all phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth  
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