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SLS Bio12 DNA Protein Synthesis HH

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Term
Definition
complementary base pairing   the specific arrangement of bases in nucleotides (adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine)  
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DNA Helicase   an enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA  
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DNA Polymerase   an enzyme that assembles the nucleotides on the DNA strands  
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recombinant DNA   the combination of two or more different sources of DNA put together artificially  
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replication   duplicating the strands of DNA  
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semi conservative replication   creating two new strands of DNA which both have a strand from the original DNA  
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anti codon   a sequence of three bases located on tRNA which complement three other bases on mRNA  
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codon   a sequence of three bases located on mRNA that correspond to a specific amino acid attached to tRNA  
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DNA sequence (genetic code)   the specific order of bases in DNA  
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elongation   a step in translation where the tRNA brings in amino acids and forms a polypeptide chain  
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environmental mutagen   induces a mutation (radiation, virus, chemicals etc)  
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genetic disorder   a disorder that has been inherited through your genes (Huntington disease, Marfan syndrome)  
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initiation   the starting codon on the mRNA that begins the process of translation  
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messenger RNA (mRNA)   carries the blueprint for the structure of the protein that will be made, made from copying DNA  
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mutation   changing the structure of the gene sequence in your DNA, caused by one single alteration  
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termination   the stop codon on the mRNA that tells the protein to end  
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transcription   the process of making RNA strands from copying the information from the DNA strands  
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transfer RNA (tRNA)   in the cytoplasm where they bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome for translation to occur  
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translation   the process where polypeptide chains are made with the aid of the ribosome, mRNA and tRNA  
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