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Ecology

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Term
Definition
Biosphere   Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water , and air or atmosphere  
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Species   A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring  
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Population   Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area  
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Community   Assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area  
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Ecology   Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.  
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Ecosystem   All the organisms that live in a place, together with their non-living environment  
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Biome   A group of. Ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms  
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Biotic factor   Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact  
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Abiotic factor   Physical, or non-living factor that shapes an ecosystem.  
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Autotroph   Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer  
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Primary producer   First producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms  
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Photosynthesis   Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon and water into energy rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches  
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Chemosynthesis   Process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates  
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Heterotroph   Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things;also called a consumer.  
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Consumer   Organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply;also called a Heterotroph  
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Carnivore   Organism that obtains energy by eating animals  
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Herbivore   Organism that obtains energy by eating only plants  
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Scavenger   Animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals  
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Omnivore   Organisms that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals  
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Decomposer   Organism down obtains energy from dead organic matter  
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Detritivore   Organism that feeds on plant remains and other dead matter  
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Food chain   Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms energy by eating and being eaten.  
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Phytoplankton   Photosynthetic algae found near the surface on the ocean  
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Food web   Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem.  
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Zooplankton   Small free-floating animals that form part of plankton  
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Tropic level   Each step in a food chain  
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Ecological Pyramid   Illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web  
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Biomass   Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level  
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Bio geochemical cycle   Process in which elements, chemical compounds ,and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another  
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Nutrient   Chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life  
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Nitrogen fixation   Process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use  
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Denitrification   Process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas  
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Limiting nutrient   Single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem  
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