Ch. 11 Blood
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The pH of blood is | slightly alkaline
🗑
|
||||
What plasma proteins are important in maintaining the osmotic pressure of plasma? | Albumins
🗑
|
||||
Plasma cells of the lymphoid system produce | immunoglobulins
🗑
|
||||
The fluid left after the clotting proteins are removed is known as | Serum
🗑
|
||||
Which plasma components are used for ATP production, growth, and cellular maintenance? | Organic Nutrients
🗑
|
||||
A microliter of whole blood contains about how many red blood cells?(RBC) | 5 Million
🗑
|
||||
primary sites of hemopoiesis from the second to the fifth month of development? (RBC) | Liver and spleen
🗑
|
||||
Reticulocytes complete maturation & become indistinguishable from other mature RBCs about ________ after entering the circulation. | 24 hours
🗑
|
||||
A single hemoglobin molecule can carry up to ________ molecule(s) of oxygen gas (O2). (RBC) | 4
🗑
|
||||
Erythropoiesis occurs in myeloid tissue, which is found in all the following bones except the | Skull and Clavicles
🗑
|
||||
Erythropoiesis occurs in myeloid tissue, which is found in all the following bones | scapulae and ribs.vertebrae and sternum.
pelvis and proximal limb bones
🗑
|
||||
________ are substances, often proteins, that can trigger an immune response. (Blood types) | Antigens
🗑
|
||||
The normal immune system ignores surface antigens on self RBCs, which are also called | Agglutinogens
🗑
|
||||
"universal recipients" because they lack anti-A or anti-B antibodies? | Type AB
🗑
|
||||
"Universal Donor" | Type 0
🗑
|
||||
What leukocytes are granulocytes?(WBC) | Neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
What leukocytes are involved in the body's specific defenses? | Lymphocytes (most abundant WBC)
🗑
|
||||
Individual platelets circulate for how long before being removed by phagocytes? | 9 to 12 days
🗑
|
||||
Plasma proteins known as clotting factors are converted to active enzymes by? | inactive proenzymes
🗑
|
||||
pathways is slower and reinforces the initial blood clot, making it larger and more effective (stable)? | Intrinsic pathway
🗑
|
||||
makes it easier for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells to make necessary repairs in damaged vessels? | Clot retraction
🗑
|
||||
How long after an injury occurs do platelets begin to attach to sticky endothelial surfaces and exposed collagen fibers? | With in 15 seconds
🗑
|
||||
Regarding leukocyte formation, which of the following cells are the immediate precursors to each of the mature granulocytes? | Band Cells
🗑
|
||||
Cardiovascular System | Provides a system for rapid transport within the body
🗑
|
||||
Cardiovascular System | pump (the heart) conducting system (blood vessels)
fluid medium (blood):
🗑
|
||||
Blood functions include | Transport of dissolved substances
Regulation of pH and ions
Restriction of fluid losses at injury sites
Defense against toxins and pathogens
Stabilization of body temperature
🗑
|
||||
Plasma or | Liquid Component
🗑
|
||||
Formed elements (cellular components) are | RBC, WBC , and Platelets
🗑
|
||||
Blood 3 general Characteristics | 38*C (100.4*F) , High Viscosity, Slightly Alkaline pH (7.35-7.45)
🗑
|
||||
Plasma makes up | 55% Whole Blood
🗑
|
||||
Plasma proteins three classes | Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
Extracellular fluids are | Interstitial fluid (ISF) and plasma
🗑
|
||||
Plasma Albumins (60%) | Transport: fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
Plasma Globulins (35%) | Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins; transport Globulins
🗑
|
||||
Clotting Factors (4%) | Molecules that form clots and produce long, insoluble strands of fibrin
🗑
|
||||
Plasma Proteins are | Enzymes
🗑
|
||||
Origins of Plasma Proteins | Liver
🗑
|
||||
Plasma resembles interstitial fluid but | unique mixture of proteins not found in other extracellular fluids.
🗑
|
||||
half the volume of whole blood consists of | cells and cell products (the formed elements)
🗑
|
||||
Hemopoiesis | cellular pathways by which the formed elements are produced.
🗑
|
||||
Stem cells | Cells that divide and mature to produce all three classes of formed elements.
🗑
|
||||
Erythrocytes or RBCs Make up about | 45% of whole blood volume
🗑
|
||||
Erythrocytes or RBCs make up what % formed Element | 99.9%
🗑
|
||||
The red pigment that gives whole blood its color | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
Binds and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
the number of RBCs in 1 microliter of whole blood | Red blood cell count
🗑
|
||||
Hematocrit is | packed cell volume, PCV
🗑
|
||||
percentage of RBCs in centrifuged whole blood | Hematocrit
🗑
|
||||
RBC are Biconcave discs they? | Bend and flex entering small capillaries (RBC)
🗑
|
||||
RBCs transports | O2 and CO2
🗑
|
||||
RBC Lack | nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
Live about 120 days | RBC
🗑
|
||||
Protein molecule that carries respiratory gases; 95% of RBC protein are | Hemoglobin (Hgb)
🗑
|
||||
Hemoglobin Structure is | Complex quaternary structure (Four globular protein subunits)
🗑
|
||||
Hemoglobin Four globular protein subunits | Each one molecule of heme and Each heme contains one iron atom (Fe)
🗑
|
||||
Iron atoms Associate | easily with oxygen (oxyhemoglobin)
🗑
|
||||
Iron atoms Dissociate | easily from oxygen (deoxyhemoglobin)
🗑
|
||||
Macrophages from the? | liver, spleen, and bone marrow & Engulf RBCs before membranes rupture (hemolyze)
🗑
|
||||
Hemoglobin Recycling is | Phagocytes break hemoglobin , Hemoglobinuria,Hematuria
🗑
|
||||
Phagocytes break hemoglobin into what components | Globular proteins to amino acids. Heme to biliverdin and bilirubin. Iron
🗑
|
||||
Hemoglobinuria | Hemoglobin breakdown products in urine
🗑
|
||||
Hematuria | Whole red blood cells in urine due to kidney or tissue damage
🗑
|
||||
RBC Production Erythropoiesis: Occurs only in | myeloid tissue (red bone marrow) in adults &Stem cells mature to RBC ;
🗑
|
||||
Hemocytoblasts in Stem cells in myeloid tissue divide to produce: | Myeloid stem cells: become RBCs, some WBCs
Lymphoid stem cells: become lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
Regulation of Erythropoiesis (RBC) requires: | Amino acids, Iron, Vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid (B4)
🗑
|
||||
Erythropoietin (EPO) or | erythropoiesis-stimulating hormone
🗑
|
||||
Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted | oxygen in peripheral tissues is low (hypoxia) Due to disease or high altitude
🗑
|
||||
Blood Type : Antigens are called | A, B, and Rh (or D)
🗑
|
||||
Blood Type: Antibodies in plasma react | with foreign antigens on RBCs RBCs clump and break open
🗑
|
||||
Blood Type Determined by presence or absence of | antigens on surface of RBC
🗑
|
||||
Blood types | A, B , AB , O
🗑
|
||||
Blood antigens for A | A(antibody B)
🗑
|
||||
Blood Antigen for B | B (antibody A)
🗑
|
||||
Blood Antigen for AB | AB (antibody None)
🗑
|
||||
Blood Antigen for O | O (antibody A&B)
🗑
|
||||
Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-) is | Rh Factor Also called D antigen
🗑
|
||||
White Blood Cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes | Defend the body against Pathogens. Toxins. Abnormal cells. Damaged cells
🗑
|
||||
Most WBCs or leukocytes in | Connective tissue proper
🗑
|
||||
WBC or Leukocytes Perform diapedesis | Push between endothelial cells to enter tissues
🗑
|
||||
WBC or leukocytes Exhibit chemotaxis | Attracted by chemicals released by bacteria or injured cells
🗑
|
||||
WBC Consist of two groups: | Granulocytes (cytoplasmic granules), Agranulocytes (no granules)
🗑
|
||||
(WBC) Three Types of Granulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
🗑
|
||||
(WBC Granulocytes) Neutrophils are | 50-70% of circulating WBCs (Phagocytic)
🗑
|
||||
(WBC) Two Types of Agranulocytes | Lymphocytes & Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
(WBC Agranulocytes) lymphocytes are about | 20-30% of circulating WBCs. lymphatic system,Provide specific defenses: Attack foreign cells, Produce antibodies
Destroy abnormal (cancer) cells
🗑
|
||||
(WBC Agranulocytes) Monocytes Migrate into tissues become macrophages | Engulf large particles and pathogens. Secrete substances that attract immune system cells and fibrocytes to injured area
🗑
|
||||
Formed Element Platelets Released from | megakaryocytes in bone marrow into the blood
🗑
|
||||
Formed Element Platelets are Cell fragments involved in | cessation of blood loss & Essential for hemostasis
🗑
|
||||
Hemostasis cessation of bleeding in three phases are | Vascular, Platelet, Coagulation
🗑
|
||||
Hemostasis Vascular phase is | Contraction of injured vessel (cut)
🗑
|
||||
hemostasis Platelet phase is | Platelets stick to damaged wall and each other
🗑
|
||||
hemostasis Coagulation phase is | Clotting factors in plasma form blood clot (thrombus) Starts 30 sec. or more after cut
🗑
|
||||
hemostasis Coagulation pathways are | Extrinsic pathway (tissue Factor) & Intrinsic pathway (platelet Factor , Slow)
🗑
|
||||
hemostasis Ex. & In. pathways lead to common pathway | (factor x) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to an insoluble fibrin
🗑
|
||||
Hemostasis Fibrinolysis | Slow process of dissolving clot : Thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA): Convert plasminogen to plasmin: Digests fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
(WBCGranulocytes ) Eosinophils are | 2-4% of circulating WBCs, Phagocytic, Parasites and allergies
🗑
|
||||
( WBC Granulocytes ) Basophils are | < 1% of circulating WBCs, Release histamine and heparin
🗑
|
||||
Production of WBCs in Bone Marrow Myeloid stem cells produce? | Granulocytes (three types) & Monocytes (future macrophages)
🗑
|
||||
Production of WBCs in Bone Marrow Lymphoid stem cells Produce? | lymphocytes & Process called, lymphopoiesis Lymphocytes enter blood &Migrate to lymphoid tissues
🗑
|
||||
Regulation of WBC Maturation Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are? | Hormones which regulate certain WBC populations
Four CSFs. CSFs target stem cells. Several CSFs used with cancer patients with bone marrow suppression
🗑
|
||||
Formed Elements Platelet counts | Thrombocytopenia: Abnormally low platelet count
Thrombocytosis: Abnormally high platelet count
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Laurzes
Popular Anatomy sets