Chemistry
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| Chemistry | The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
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| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space
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| Mass | The amount of matter in an object
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| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies
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| Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume
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| Liquid | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and a definite volume
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| Gas | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
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| Indefinite | Does not remain the same value at all times
(Ex: The volume is indefinite means the volume is not the same at all times, it changes)
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| Atom | The basic particle from which all elements are made
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| Melting | A phase change from solid to liquid. Heat increases and molecular motion increases.
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| Freezing | A phase change from liquid to solid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases.
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| Evaporating (Boiling) | A phase change from liquid to gas. Heat increases and molecular motion increases.
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| Condensing | A phase change from gas to liquid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases.
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| Molecular Motion | The movement of the particles that make up matter.
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| Definite | Does remain the same value at all times
(Ex: The volume is definite means the volume is the same at all times, it changes)
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| Phase Change | A change between different states of matter. Example: Solid melting into a liquid.
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| State of Matter (Phase of Matter) | A description for matter as a solid, liquid, or gas.
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| Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
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| An element is made up of... | only one type of atom
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| Electron | a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus
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| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Proton | a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Neutron | a particle with no charge located in the nucleus of an atom
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| Periodic table | a chart that organizes the chemical elements based on their properties
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| Nucleus | the positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.
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| Mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Atom | the basic unit of matter.
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| An atom is the smallest particle of an... | element that still has all the properties of the element.
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| Atoms are made up of smaller particles called | protons, neutrons, and electrons
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| The three types of elements on the periodic table | metals, non-metals, metalloids
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| The periodic table is organized by | atomic number
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| Group 1 of the periodic table | Alkali metals (very reactive)
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| Group 2 of the periodic table | Alkaline earth metals
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| Groups 3-12 of the periodic table | transition metals
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| Group 18 of the periodic table | Noble gases
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| Group 17 of the periodic table | Halogens (very reactive)
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| Metals | solids at room temperature, malleable, ductile, hard, lustrous, conductors of heat and electricity.
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| Malleable | Flexible/bendable
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| Ductile | Can be drawn into thin wires
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| Luster | Reflects light, looks shiny
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| Conductor | allows the passing of heat and electricity
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| Non-metals | Dull, brittle, insulators, gases at room temperature
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| Dull | not lustrous
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| brittle | breakable
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| insulator | does not allow heat and electricity to pass through
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| Metalloids | properties of both metals and non-metals, semi-conductors, solids at room temperature
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| What is the one metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Mercury, Hg
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| What is the one non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Bromine, Br
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| Compound | A substance made of two or elements that are chemically bonded together
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| How is a compound different from an element? | A compound is different from an element because a compound requires the chemical combination of two or more elements. When a compound is formed, it is difficult to break apart. When a compound is formed, it has different properties than both of its orig
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| What is a chemical reaction? | A chemical reaction is the formation of new compounds.
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| What are the five pieces of evidence of a chemical reaction? | 1. Production of an odor
2. Production of a gas
3. Formation of a precipitate
4. Temperature change
5. Color Change
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| What is a precipitate? | A solid
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| If a gas is produced in a chemical reaction, what will you see? | Bubbles, vapor, or steam
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| Mixture | Two or more substances that are in the same space but are not chemically bonded.
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| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that looks uniform throughout
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| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that does not look uniform throughout
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| Uniform | To appear the same
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| Non-uniform | To appear different
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| Solubility | The ability of dissolving into a homogeneous mixture
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| Soluble | Can dissolve
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| Insoluble | Can't dissolve
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| What is the range of the pH scale? | 0-14
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| What does pH measure? | how acidic or basic a solution is
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| What is the range of acids on the pH scale? | Greater than zero but less than 7
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| What is the range of bases on the pH scale? | Greater than seven but less than 14
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| What is a neutral solution? | A solution with a pH of exactly 7
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| How do you neutralize a base? | Add an acid
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| How do you neutralize an acid? | Add a base
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| dilute | weak
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| concetrated | strong
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| physical change | any change that alters the appearance of a substance but DOES not change into a new substance
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| chemical change | any change that produces one or more new substances
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