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8 Sci Ch 1-3 Test 3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
aftershock   A smaller earthquake that follows a more powerful earthquake in the same area  
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aluminum   Most common metal on Earth  
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amorphous rocks   rock without form; when magma cools very rapidly and no crystals form; have a smooth, glasslike texture  
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artesian well   is a well in which water flows to the surface naturally because it is under pressure  
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atom   basic unit of matter  
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basalt   the commonest type of solidified lava  
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basic   substance with a pH of 10  
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bauxite   mineral used to make aluminum  
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bedrock   the solid layer of rock beneath the soil  
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brass   an alloy of copper and zinc  
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bullion   gold and silver in the form of bars  
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circum-Pacific belt   narrow belt bordering the Pacific ocean along which about 80% of the world's earthquakes occur  
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coal   sedimentary rock formed from decayed plant material; the world's most abundant fossil fuel  
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concretions   hard, round structures that form when minerals settle out of water and crystallize around a sand grain or other mineral fragment  
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conglomerate rock   rounded pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay  
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crystal faces   smooth, flat surfaces with regular geometric outlines  
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crystals   particles arranged in repeating geometric patterns  
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decomposition   the process of rotting, breaking down, or disintegration  
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diamond   hardest substance  
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elastic rebound   tendency for deformed rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape after an earthquake  
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element   a pure substance made of only one kind of atom  
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emerald   a green transparent form of beryl  
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epicenter   the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point  
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evaporites   sedimentary rocks formed from minerals left after water evaporates  
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experimental group   the group exposed to the factor being tested  
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extinct volcano   A volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and probably will not erupt again.  
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focus   The location within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs  
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fold   bending or buckling of rocks under great pressure  
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formulate the hypothesis   3rd step of the scientific method  
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granite   a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust  
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humus   material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter  
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igneous rock   rock formed by the solidification of molten magma  
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law   a therory that has never been proven false  
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limestone   the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock  
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loam   a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials  
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longwall   type of mining that used a rotating drum that travels down a long track while grinding coal  
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luster   The way in which a mineral reflects light  
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metamorphism   changing of one type of rock to another by heat,pressure, and chemical processes  
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mineralogy   the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them  
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minerals   Inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth.  
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ore   a mineral or rock that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit  
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pedology   the study of soil  
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pyroclast   A rock fragment ejected into the air by a volcanic eruption  
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quartz   most common mineral in the earth's crust  
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metamorphic rock   A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions  
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native element   a mineral composed of only one element  
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obsidian   An igneous rock consisting of a solid mass of volcanic glass.  
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overburdening   upper layers of the ground left by strip mining  
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P waves   travels fastest, compressional waves, can travel through solids, liquids and gasses  
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pahoehoe   a hot, fast moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils  
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phosphorescence   the process of emitting light for a short time after receiving energy from another source  
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phosphorus   nutrient that "firms up" a plant's fruit  
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platinum   a heavy precious metallic element more valuable than silver or gold  
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precious stones   the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems  
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richter scale   the scale used to measure the strength or magnitude of an earthquake (uses numbers from 1-10)  
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Ring of Fire   A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean  
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S waves   a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling  
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sedimentary rock   A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together  
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seismograph   an instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake  
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shale   Most common sedimentary rock  
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silicates   most common mineral group  
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solid   state of matter of the earth's core  
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specific gravity   the density of a substance relative to the density of water  
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stainless steel   a metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickel; noted for its ability to resist rust  
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steel   an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon  
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stratum   one layer of sedimentary rock.  
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streak test   the color of powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard, rough surface  
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tremor   a small earthquake  
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tsunamis   A giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor  
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weight   the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity  
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