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Basically Everything

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
3 basic types of cells   1.Animal 2. Plant 3. Bacteria  
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Unicellular   one cell  
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Multicellular   more than one cell  
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Cell Specialization   ability to turn genes on and off  
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Cell Size   only seen under microscope  
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Parts of Plant Cell   Mitocondria, Cytoplasm, Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulem, Nucleous, Nuceolus, Nuclear Envolope, Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Peroxisome, Plasma Membrane, Chloroplast, and Vacuole.  
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Scientific Method: Step 1   Make an Observation  
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Scientific Method: Step 2   Research  
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Scientific Method: Step 3   Hypothesis  
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Scientific Method: Step 4   Experiment  
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Scientific Method: Step 5   Conclusion  
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Control   Used for comparision, not being tested  
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Variable   Athing in the experiment  
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Independent Variable   Scientist changes it  
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Dependent Variable   changes based on independent variable  
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Basic Organisms Characteristics   1.Made of cells 2. Requires Energy 3. Reproduce 4. Maintain Homeostasis 5.Organized 6.Respond to Enviroment 7. Grow and Develop 8. Exchange  
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Levels of Organization: Living   1.Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ System 5. Organisim  
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Levels of Organization: Non-Living   1.Atom 2.Molecule 3.Organelle  
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Mass   all the stuff an object contains  
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Volume   LengthxWidthxHeight  
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Meter   100 cm, 1000 mm  
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Metric Chart   Kilo, Hecto, Deca, Deci, Centi, Milli  
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Lynn Margulis   Organelles have DNA. some organelles were once free  
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Rudolph Virchow   All cells come from pre-existing cells. First to see cells dividing  
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Theodore Schwann   Animals have cell. Co-FOunder of the cell theory.  
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Matthias Schleiden   Plants have cells. Co-Founder of the cell theory  
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek   first to observe a living organism  
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Robert Hooke   First to see cells. looked at cork. saw dead play cell walls  
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Cholorplast   Photosenthesis  
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Nucleous   Control center for cell. Contains DNA.  
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Ribosomes   Make protein  
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Endoplasmic reticulem   Smooth: Makes membrane Rough: Works on protein  
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Golgi Apparatus   Finishes, labels, ships, and sorts protein  
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Cell Wall   Supports and protects cell  
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Cytoplasm   Medium for chemical reactions to take place  
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Cell Membrane   Seperates Cell &outside. controls what enters and leaves cell  
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Vasuoles   move material around cell storage  
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Lysosomes   Digest, clean up and recycle  
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Mitocondria   Make ATP for cellular resperation  
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Prokaryotic   Simple.Reproduce Quickly. no nucleous. No Membrane bound organellles. Ribosomes in cytoplasm. DNA in nucleoid region. cell wall.  
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Flagella   Tail used for movement  
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Eukaryotic   Has nucleous. Has organelles. large and complex. Single or mulitcellular.  
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The Code of Life   Chromosones in a specific order the the bases occur. ATCGTATGCGG  
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Nitrogenous Bases   2 Types- Purines and Pyrimidenes.  
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Purines   Adenine ans Guanine Double ring bases. 2 rings of carbon.  
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Pyrimidines   Thymine and Cytosine single bases. 1 ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms  
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DNA Double Heleix   Rungs of ladder-Nitrogenous Bases. Legs of ladder- Phosphate and deoxyriboes  
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Genes   genetic material the codes for a specific trait. located on chromosomes.  
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DNA   Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Made or repeating molecules. Called the blueprint of life. Instructions for making proteins. in nucleous.  
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Genetic Diversity   different arangments of nuclotides in acid (DNA). provides key to diversity.  
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Chromosomes   made of DNA  
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1 DNA strand   backbone of molecule is alternation phosphates,Ribose, and Nitrogeneous Bases  
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Hydrogen Bonds   bases attract because of these. 1 is weak but there are about 1 million in a DNA strand  
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Amino Acids   20 types. those form thousands of proteins  
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Proteins   large. made of chains of amino acids,. folding Amino Acid is critical for function  
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Triplet Code   3 nucleotides form a triplet of codon, codes a specific amino acid  
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Fredrick Griffith   discovered deadly bacteria can change harmless bacteria into deadly ones.  
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Rosalind Franklin   x-ray photo of DNA  
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Watson and Crick   looked at Franklin's DNA x-ray. Purposed that DNA had a specific pairing between nitrogenous bases: Adenine--Thymine Cytosine--Guanine DNA made of two strands  
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Chargaff's Rule   Stated that Adenine and Thymine must pair. Cytosine and Guanine must pair. they must pair equally.  
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Enzymes   Digestion. Speed up chemical reactions. reused. made in Liver and Pancreus  
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Stucture   Lock and Key method. specific enzymes breakdown specific foods.  
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Factors that affect enzyme activity   1.pH. 2.Temperature. 3.other substances (can be anything) optimal tem. 37C  
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4 types: Digestive Enzymes   Amylase Lipase Pepsin Trypsin  
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Amylase   In Saliva. Breaks down starch  
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Lipase   in Pancreas. breaks down Lipids (fats)  
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Pepsin   In Stomach. Breaks down proteins  
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Trypsin   In small intestine. breaks down protein  
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Catalysts   lower activation energy of reaction  
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Catslase   breaks down hydrogen proxide  
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Lactase   breaks down milk  
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Protease   breaks down proteins  
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Lipase   breaks down lipids (fats)  
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How enzymes work?   substrates bind to active sites  
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