Basically Everything
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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3 basic types of cells | 1.Animal 2. Plant 3. Bacteria
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Unicellular | one cell
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Multicellular | more than one cell
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Cell Specialization | ability to turn genes on and off
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Cell Size | only seen under microscope
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Parts of Plant Cell | Mitocondria, Cytoplasm, Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulem, Nucleous, Nuceolus, Nuclear Envolope, Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Peroxisome, Plasma Membrane, Chloroplast, and Vacuole.
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Scientific Method: Step 1 | Make an Observation
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Scientific Method: Step 2 | Research
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Scientific Method: Step 3 | Hypothesis
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Scientific Method: Step 4 | Experiment
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Scientific Method: Step 5 | Conclusion
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Control | Used for comparision, not being tested
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Variable | Athing in the experiment
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Independent Variable | Scientist changes it
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Dependent Variable | changes based on independent variable
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Basic Organisms Characteristics | 1.Made of cells 2. Requires Energy 3. Reproduce 4. Maintain Homeostasis 5.Organized 6.Respond to Enviroment 7. Grow and Develop 8. Exchange
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Levels of Organization: Living | 1.Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ System 5. Organisim
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Levels of Organization: Non-Living | 1.Atom 2.Molecule 3.Organelle
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Mass | all the stuff an object contains
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Volume | LengthxWidthxHeight
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Meter | 100 cm, 1000 mm
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Metric Chart | Kilo, Hecto, Deca, Deci, Centi, Milli
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Lynn Margulis | Organelles have DNA. some organelles were once free
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Rudolph Virchow | All cells come from pre-existing cells. First to see cells dividing
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Theodore Schwann | Animals have cell. Co-FOunder of the cell theory.
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Matthias Schleiden | Plants have cells. Co-Founder of the cell theory
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | first to observe a living organism
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Robert Hooke | First to see cells. looked at cork. saw dead play cell walls
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Cholorplast | Photosenthesis
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Nucleous | Control center for cell. Contains DNA.
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Ribosomes | Make protein
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Endoplasmic reticulem | Smooth: Makes membrane Rough: Works on protein
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Golgi Apparatus | Finishes, labels, ships, and sorts protein
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Cell Wall | Supports and protects cell
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Cytoplasm | Medium for chemical reactions to take place
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Cell Membrane | Seperates Cell &outside. controls what enters and leaves cell
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Vasuoles | move material around cell storage
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Lysosomes | Digest, clean up and recycle
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Mitocondria | Make ATP for cellular resperation
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Prokaryotic | Simple.Reproduce Quickly. no nucleous. No Membrane bound organellles. Ribosomes in cytoplasm. DNA in nucleoid region. cell wall.
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Flagella | Tail used for movement
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Eukaryotic | Has nucleous. Has organelles. large and complex. Single or mulitcellular.
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The Code of Life | Chromosones in a specific order the the bases occur.
ATCGTATGCGG
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Nitrogenous Bases | 2 Types- Purines and Pyrimidenes.
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Purines | Adenine ans Guanine
Double ring bases. 2 rings of carbon.
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Pyrimidines | Thymine and Cytosine
single bases. 1 ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
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DNA Double Heleix | Rungs of ladder-Nitrogenous Bases.
Legs of ladder- Phosphate and deoxyriboes
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Genes | genetic material the codes for a specific trait.
located on chromosomes.
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DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Made or repeating molecules. Called the blueprint of life. Instructions for making proteins. in nucleous.
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Genetic Diversity | different arangments of nuclotides in acid (DNA). provides key to diversity.
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Chromosomes | made of DNA
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1 DNA strand | backbone of molecule is alternation phosphates,Ribose, and Nitrogeneous Bases
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Hydrogen Bonds | bases attract because of these. 1 is weak but there are about 1 million in a DNA strand
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Amino Acids | 20 types. those form thousands of proteins
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Proteins | large. made of chains of amino acids,. folding Amino Acid is critical for function
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Triplet Code | 3 nucleotides form a triplet of codon, codes a specific amino acid
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Fredrick Griffith | discovered deadly bacteria can change harmless bacteria into deadly ones.
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Rosalind Franklin | x-ray photo of DNA
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Watson and Crick | looked at Franklin's DNA x-ray. Purposed that DNA had a specific pairing between nitrogenous bases:
Adenine--Thymine
Cytosine--Guanine
DNA made of two strands
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Chargaff's Rule | Stated that Adenine and Thymine must pair. Cytosine and Guanine must pair. they must pair equally.
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Enzymes | Digestion. Speed up chemical reactions. reused. made in Liver and Pancreus
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Stucture | Lock and Key method. specific enzymes breakdown specific foods.
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Factors that affect enzyme activity | 1.pH. 2.Temperature. 3.other substances (can be anything) optimal tem. 37C
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4 types: Digestive Enzymes | Amylase
Lipase
Pepsin
Trypsin
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Amylase | In Saliva. Breaks down starch
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Lipase | in Pancreas. breaks down Lipids (fats)
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Pepsin | In Stomach. Breaks down proteins
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Trypsin | In small intestine. breaks down protein
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Catalysts | lower activation energy of reaction
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Catslase | breaks down hydrogen proxide
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Lactase | breaks down milk
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Protease | breaks down proteins
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Lipase | breaks down lipids (fats)
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How enzymes work? | substrates bind to active sites
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