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Test 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
exothermic   reaction in which energy is released (explosions)  
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endothermic   reaction in which energy is absorbed (cold pack)  
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chemical reaction   process in which elements and/or compounds interact with one another to form more substances  
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product   chemical(s) produced as a result of a chemical reaction  
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reactant   starting material(s) in a reaction  
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density   d=m/v  
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mass   quantity of matter in an object  
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matter   anything that has mass and volume  
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quantity   something that has magnitude or size  
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volume   space an object occupies  
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weight   force of gravity acting on mass  
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allotrope   one of the number of different molecular forms of an element  
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atom   basic unit of matter  
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element   one of 10 simplest substances from which more complex substances are made  
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molecule   2 or more atoms combined in a definite ratio, held together by covalent bonds, and is chemically neutral  
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acid   class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with bases to form salts  
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base   class of compounds: taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turns red litmus paper blue, and react with acids to form salts  
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compound   pure substances composed of atoms from 2 or more different elements, ionic bonds (ex: water)  
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mixture   collection of 2 or more pure substances physically mixed together (ex: chicken soup, rocks in sand, iced tea, kool aid)  
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ion   atom or group of atoms with electrical charge (ex: Na^+)  
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inorganic compound   compounds that lack the element carbon  
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organic compound   compounds that contains element carbon  
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pH   numerical scale (0-14) used to express acidity or basicity; 0-7 is acid, 7 is neutral, 7-14 is base  
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chemical bond   force of attraction between different atoms that binds atom together  
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energy   capacity to do some type of work  
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heat   sum total of kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of the matter  
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kinetic energy   energy an object has because of its motion  
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potential energy   energy an object has because of its postition  
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specific heat   amount of heat energy requires to raise temperature of 1g of a substance by 1K  
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system   a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation  
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temperature   measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of the matter  
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hypothesis   reasonable and testable explanation of observations  
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theory   well tested explanation of observation  
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scientific law   description of natural world that has proven reliable over time  
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accuracy   extent to which a measurement approaches true value of quantity  
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precision   extent to which series of measurement of same quantity made in same way agree with one another  
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solid   fixed volume, fixed shape, molecules vibrate slightly  
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liquid   fixed volume, takes shape of container, particles can pass through each other  
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gas   takes volume an shape of container, particles are rapid and random  
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difference between weight and mass   weight is the force of gravity acting on mass, while mass is the quantity of matter in an object.  
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physical change   change that affects only physical properties (ex: melting, boiling, freezing)  
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chemical change   change that produces one or more new substances (ex: rusting, precipitation, released gas, emission of light, color change, glow stick)  
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physical property   any property of matter that can be measured without changing its chemical nature (ex: mass, density, height, color, texture, boiling point)  
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chemical property   property of matter that can be observed only when substances interact (ex: flammability, volatility, radioactivity)  
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how are temperature and heat related?   heat is the sum of kinetic energy in a sample of the particles in the matter. temperature is the average kinetic energy in a sample of the particles in the matter.  
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