DNA and Protein Synthesis
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| Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins
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| Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus
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| Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes
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| Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE
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| STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE
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| PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE
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| PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE
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| DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX
RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX
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| REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS
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| KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL
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| MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES
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| TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA
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| RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME
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| GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS
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| POINT MUTATION |
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| Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins
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| Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus
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| Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes
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| Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE
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| STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE
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| PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE
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| PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE
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| DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX
RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX
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| REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS
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| KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL
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| MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES
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| TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA
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| RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME
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| GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS
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| POINT MUTATION | mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence (THE RAT ATE THE RAT)
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| BASE SUBSTITUTION | evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified
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| FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three (THE ATA TET HER AT) (THE CCA TAT ETH ECE T)
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| CODON | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
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| ANTICODON | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA
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| EXON | PIECE OF RNA NOT TAKEN OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, exPRESSED
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| INTRON | PIECE OF RNA TAKED OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, STAYS inSIDE THE NUCLEUS
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| GRIFFITHS EXPERIMENT | SMOOTH CAUSES SICKNESS B/C PROTECTED BY CAPSOLE, IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN HANDLE ROUGH (ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) (SMOOTH-MOUSE-DIED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH-MOUSE-LIVED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH+ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) SOMETHING TRANSFORMED ROUGH INTO SMOOTH
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| CONJUGATION | the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material
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| TRANSFORMATION | BACTERIA ATTACHES TO STRAY STRAND
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| TRANSDUCTION | process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus
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jchase1117
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