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Exam Terms

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Amino acid   An organic group possesing both carboxl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.  
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Alpha Globin   The poly peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated aplha.  
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Beta Globin   The poly peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta and that when deficient or defective causes various anemias.  
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Complication   a secondary disease or condition that develops in the course of a primary disease or condition and arises either as a result of it or from independent causes.  
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hemoglobin   an iron containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.  
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prognosis   the prospect of survival and recovery from a disease as anticipated from the usual course of that disease or indicated by special features of the case.  
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Protein   a three dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.  
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sickle cell   deformed red blood cell  
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symptom   subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient  
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trait   an inherrited characteristic  
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autosome   a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome  
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chromosome   any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.  
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contagious   capable of being transmitted from person to person by contact  
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dominant trait   a genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.  
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gene   a discrete unit of heriditary information  
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genetic material   molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms  
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heredity   the transmission of traits from ancestors to descendant  
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karyotype   a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by a size and shape  
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mutation   a rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity  
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pedigree   a diagram of a family tree showing the occurence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations  
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sex chromosome   one of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual  
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recessive trait   a condition that appears only in individuals who have recieved two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent  
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atom   the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination  
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calorie   the amount of heat energy required to raise temperature, usually used to indicate the energy content of food  
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chemical bond   an attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound  
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chemical reaction   chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities  
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compound   a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio  
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covalent bond   a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons  
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element   the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms  
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homeostasis   the steady state physiological condition of the body  
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hydrophilic   having an affinity for water  
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ionic bond   a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions  
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molecule   two or more atoms held together by covalent  
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nutrient   a substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health  
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polarity   a lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. charge differences on opposite ends of a structure  
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solute   a substance that is dissolved in a solution  
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solution   a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances  
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solvent   the dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versitile known...  
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Biopsy   the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body.  
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Erythrocyte   a red blood cell  
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hisotology   the study of tissue  
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leukocyte   a white blood cell  
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plasma   the fluid part especially of blood or lymph  
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platelet   a component of mamalian blood that lacks a nucleus and is derived from fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm, and that assists in blood clotting, aslo called thrombocyte  
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tissue   an integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both  
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pump   a device that raises, transfers, delivers, or compresses fluids or gases especially by suction or pressure or both  
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fluid mechanics   a branch of mechanics dealing with the properties of liquids and gases  
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positive displacement pump   a type of pump that uses positive pressure to move a fluid  
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bioengineering   biological or medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment  
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machine   a mechanically, electrically, or elctronically operated device performing a task  
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material science   the scientific study of the properties and applications of materials of construction and manufacture  
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autopsy   an examination of the body after death  
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cell   the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently  
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coroner   the presiding officer of a special court, a medical officer, or an officer of law responsible for investigating deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances  
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documentation   the act of creating citations  
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forensic science   the application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law  
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outline   a condensation of a subject or argument into its main points  
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system   a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions  
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tissue   an integrated group of cells with common function, structure, or both  
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aorta   the aterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch ateries through the body  
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aortic valve   the semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle  
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artery   any of the tubular braching muscular and elastic walled vessels that carry blood form the heart through the body  
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atrium   an anotomical cavity; chamber of the heart that recieves blood from the veins and force it into a ventricle  
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bicuspid valve   a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrim and the left ventricle  
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histology   a branch of anatomy that deals with the minute structure of animal and plant tissues  
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mitral valve   a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle  
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pericardium   the membrane that encloses the heart  
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superior vena cava   a vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns to the right attrium of the heart from the upper half of the body  
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tricuspid valve   a valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve  
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valve   a body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction  
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diastole   the stage of the heart cycle which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood  
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diastolic pressure   BP that remains between heart contractions  
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EKG   a measurement of heart electrical activity  
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sinoatrial node   a small mass of tissue that is made up of purkinje fibers, that mass that sends electrical currents to stimulate heart beat  
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systole   the stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle cfontracts and the chambers pump blood  
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systolic pressure   BP in the ateries during contraction of the ventricles  
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concentration gradient   an increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area.  
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feedback   information attained from the results of a process that is used in guiding the way that process is done.  
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hormone   a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a specific often stimulatory effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone.  
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insulin   a protein hormone secreated by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbs and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.  
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isotonic   having the same solute concetration as another solution.  
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neg feedback   the primary mechanism of homeostasis whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.  
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osmosis   the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.  
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positive feedback   feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.  
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