Chemistry Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Characteristics of an acid | tastes sour
turns litmus indicator red
react with metal to release H2 gas
proton (H+) donor
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Characteristics of a base | tastes bitter
turns litmus indicator blue
proton (H+) acceptor
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Is water an acid or a base? | Water can act as both an acid and a base. This is called being amphoteric.
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What is a conjugate? | the conjugate of an acid or base is the complementary base/acid on the other side of the equation. Bases have conjugate acids, and vice versa. A strong acid/base will have a weak conjugate base/acid and vice versa.
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pH | -log[H+]
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What does a strong acid do in water? What does a weak acid do in water? | It will completely disassociate in water. (give away all its H+s)
It will only partially disassociate. '
In both situations, this will form hydronium (1 in 10 million chance)
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What does a strong base do in water? What does a weak base do in water? | It will take all the hydrogen out of water.
Will only take some of hydrogen out of water.
In both cases, will form hydroxide.
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pH levels of acids and bases | Acid < Neutral (7) < Base
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Acid + Base = | H20 + salt
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What does pH stand for? | power of hydrogen
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When does neutralization occur? | When [H+] = [OH-]
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Arrhenius Theorem | Acids contain an H+ ion, release it in water
Bases have OH-, release in water
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Bronsted-Lowry Theorem | Acids are proton (H+) donors
Bases are proton (H+) acceptors
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What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do not contain oxygen? | prefix: hydro-
suffix: -ic
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What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do contain oxygen? | prefix: none
suffix: -ate -> -ic ; -ite -> -ous
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Name HNO3 | nitric acid
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Name HNO2 | nitrous acid
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Give the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid | HCl
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Name HCN | hydrocyanic acid
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Give the chemical formula of chlorous acid | HClO2
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H2SO3 | Sulfurous acid
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Explain the process of titration | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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What does H2O + H2O -> H3O + OH show? | self-ionization
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name acid-base conjugate pairs: HCl + H2O -> H3O + Cl | HCl & Cl
H2O & H3O
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name acid-base conjugate pairs: NH3 + H2O -> NH4 + OH | NH3 & NH4
H2O & OH
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How do you convert pH to [H+]? | pH = -log [H+]
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How do you convert [H+] to pH? | [H+] = 10^-pH
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How do you convert [H+] to [OH-] and [OH-] to [H+]? | [H+]+ [OH-] = 10^-14
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How do you convert [OH-] to pOH? | [OH-] = 10^-pOH
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How do you convert pOH to [OH-}? | pOH = -log [OH-]?
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How do you convert pH to pOH? | pH + pOH = 14
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