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Chemistry Final

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Characteristics of an acid   tastes sour turns litmus indicator red react with metal to release H2 gas proton (H+) donor  
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Characteristics of a base   tastes bitter turns litmus indicator blue proton (H+) acceptor  
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Is water an acid or a base?   Water can act as both an acid and a base. This is called being amphoteric.  
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What is a conjugate?   the conjugate of an acid or base is the complementary base/acid on the other side of the equation. Bases have conjugate acids, and vice versa. A strong acid/base will have a weak conjugate base/acid and vice versa.  
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pH   -log[H+]  
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What does a strong acid do in water? What does a weak acid do in water?   It will completely disassociate in water. (give away all its H+s) It will only partially disassociate. ' In both situations, this will form hydronium (1 in 10 million chance)  
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What does a strong base do in water? What does a weak base do in water?   It will take all the hydrogen out of water. Will only take some of hydrogen out of water. In both cases, will form hydroxide.  
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pH levels of acids and bases   Acid < Neutral (7) < Base  
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Acid + Base =   H20 + salt  
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What does pH stand for?   power of hydrogen  
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When does neutralization occur?   When [H+] = [OH-]  
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Arrhenius Theorem   Acids contain an H+ ion, release it in water Bases have OH-, release in water  
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Bronsted-Lowry Theorem   Acids are proton (H+) donors Bases are proton (H+) acceptors  
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What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do not contain oxygen?   prefix: hydro- suffix: -ic  
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What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do contain oxygen?   prefix: none suffix: -ate -> -ic ; -ite -> -ous  
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Name HNO3   nitric acid  
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Name HNO2   nitrous acid  
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Give the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid   HCl  
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Name HCN   hydrocyanic acid  
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Give the chemical formula of chlorous acid   HClO2  
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H2SO3   Sulfurous acid  
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Explain the process of titration   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  
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What does H2O + H2O -> H3O + OH show?   self-ionization  
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name acid-base conjugate pairs: HCl + H2O -> H3O + Cl   HCl & Cl H2O & H3O  
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name acid-base conjugate pairs: NH3 + H2O -> NH4 + OH   NH3 & NH4 H2O & OH  
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How do you convert pH to [H+]?   pH = -log [H+]  
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How do you convert [H+] to pH?   [H+] = 10^-pH  
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How do you convert [H+] to [OH-] and [OH-] to [H+]?   [H+]+ [OH-] = 10^-14  
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How do you convert [OH-] to pOH?   [OH-] = 10^-pOH  
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How do you convert pOH to [OH-}?   pOH = -log [OH-]?  
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How do you convert pH to pOH?   pH + pOH = 14  
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