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Genetics Vocabulary

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Question
Answer
Allele   One member in a pair gene pair that controls characteristics, such as eye color or hair color.  
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Chromosome   A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that carries genetic information in the form of genes.  
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DNA   Deoxyribonucleic acid, makes up chromosomes and the carries genetic information.  
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Dominance   Situation in which one allele is expressed over a second allele.  
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Gene   A portion of a DNA molecule that serves as the basic unit of heredity.  
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Genotype   The genetic makeup of an individual organism expressed with letters.  
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Genetic Crossing   The deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent.  
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Mitosis   Asexual cell division where one parent cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells  
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Heterozygous   A pair of genes where one allele is dominant and one allele is recessive.  
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Homozygous   A pair of genes where both alleles are dominant or both are recessive.  
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Hybrid   An animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals.  
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Independent Assortment   Mendel's law that states that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.  
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Phenotype   The physical appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup.  
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Punnett Square   A type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.  
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Recessive   An allele whose phenotype is masked when paired with a dominant allele.  
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Segregation   Mendel's law that states that organisms inherit one allele for each trait from each parent due to allele pairs separating during gamete production.  
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Meiosis   a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell  
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Purebred   A homozygous trait where BOTH alleles are the same. Ex. TT or tt  
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Meiosis   When gametes are created and result in one allele in the sex cells.  
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Codominance   When two dominant traits show in an offspring  
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incomplete dominance   When their is a blending of traits creating an entirely new trait.  
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