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Science chapters 15-16

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Question
Answer
What 3 things do fossils tell us?   1. relative history2. environment3. way organisms lived  
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Name 3 conditions that support fossil development...   1. hard bones2. quick bury3. preserved over a long time  
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Describe how petrification occurs...   proccess in which minerals replace organisms tissues  
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How do index fossils work...   you look at one fossil and then use it to see if another fossil is older or younger than it.  
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What does extinct mean?   no more of a certain species alive  
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What 2 hypotheses were discussed about landform evoulution?   1. catastrophism2. uniformitarism  
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Describe the principle of superposition...   younger rocks on top of older rocks  
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What is relative dating...   estamating if the rock is older or younger than the rock saround it  
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Describe the 3 unconformities...   1. disconformity2. nonconformity3. angular unconformity  
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What elements have half-lifes...   radio-active material  
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What is half-life...   time it takes for half the radio-acrive material to decay  
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What happens to parent and daughter materials during radio-active decay...   p- smallerd- larger  
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What are the 5 main subdivisions of geological time scale?   eonera periodepochages  
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Phanerozoic   PaleozoicMesozoicCenozoic  
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Paleozoic   fish  
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Mesozoic   dinosaurs  
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Cenozoic   mammals  
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What are cyanobacteria?   1st known life 3.5 billion years ago  
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What affects survival?   predators, food, shelter, and climate  
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Natural selection...   The species/animal with a better trait lives while the others die  
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5 things fossils can be preserved in are...   1. amber2. ice3. asphault4. sediment (rock)5. petrification  
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uniformitarianism   the events that happend in the past will happen again in the future  
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catastrophism   bad event  
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paleontology   study of the past using fossils  
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superposition   the younger layers on top and the older are on the bottom  
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unconformity   break in geological layers  
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fault   fracture in layers  
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tilting    
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intrusion   when magma goes through layers of existing rocks.  
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folding   when a layer of rock bends  
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disconformity   layer of rock is missing  
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non-conformities   when layer of rock forms on top of a layer of pre-existing magma  
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angular unconformities   a layer of horizontal sediment is deposited on top of tilted layers of sediment  
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isotope   same number of protons and different nuetrons  
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half-life   the time it takes for half of the parent material to decay  
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trace-fossil   impressions such as footprints that are preserved from the past  
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mold   outer part of something  
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cast   mold filled  
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ammonites   really good species of index fossils  
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trilobites   Paleozoic time like snails (anthropods)  
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