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Anatomy & Physiology

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Term
Definition
Systems   Group of organs working together to perform one of the body's major functions. They have separate and distinct functions, but rely on one another to perform their tasks.  
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Respiratory System   This system performs respiration, the process that suppose the body with a constant supply of oxygen. (Lungs and the airways)  
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Cardiovascular System   Heart and blood vessels transport blood throughout the body, the blood carries oxygen & nutrients to the tissues and removes waste from the tissues.  
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Skeletal System   Supports and protects the body and is the body's framework.  
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Muscular System   Consists of muscles and cartilage, also provides body movement.  
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Nervous System   Regulates most body activities, sends and receives messages from the sensory organs. (Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves)  
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Endocrine System   Glands that secrete hormones for the regulation of many of the body's activities.  
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Sensory System   Eyes, ears and the parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses  
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Digestive System   All the organs of digestion, absorption and elimination of waste, necessary for the normal intake of food and water into our body.  
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Urinary System   Eliminates metabolic waste, helps to maintain acid-base and water-salt balance, and helps regulate blood pressure. (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra)  
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Integumentary System   Skin and the accessory structures, which are hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands. The skin is the largest organ and serves to cover and protect our body.  
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Lymphatic and Immune systems   Glands of the lymphatic system, lymphatic vessels and the nonspecific and specific defenses of the immune system. These system help protect the body from infection and disease.  
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Reproductive System   Controls reproduction and heredity. FEMALES CONSIST (ovaries , vagina, fallopian tubes, uterus, and mammary glands, or breast) MALES CONSIST (testes, penis, prostate gland, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles)  
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Dorsal Cavity   On the back side of the body  
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Cranial Cavity   Holds the brain  
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Spinal Cavity   Holds the spinal cord  
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Ventral Cavity   On the front side of the body  
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Diaphragm   Separated into two parts by a muscle  
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Thoracic Cavity   Above the diaphragm, hold the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.  
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Abdominal Cavity   Below the diaphragm, hold the organs of the digestive and urinary systems.  
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Pelvic Cavity   The bottom portion of the abdominal, it contains the reproductive system.  
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Anatomical Position   body is standing erect, facing forward, with the arms ate the sides, and the palms facing forward  
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Anterior or Ventral   Means the front side of the body  
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Posterior or Dorsal   Means the back side of the body  
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Inferior   Means below another structure  
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Superior   Means above another structure  
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Lateral   Means to the side  
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Medial   Means middle or near the medial plane of the body  
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Superficial   Means on or near the surface  
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Proximal   Means near the point of attachment to the trunk.  
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Distal   Means away from the point of attachment to the trunk.  
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Supine   Means lying on one's spine facing upward  
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Prone   Means lying on one's stomach facing downward.  
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Sagittal Plane   Divides the body into two parts, right and left.  
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Midsagittal Plane   Plane divides into equal right and left parts.  
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Frontal or Coronal Plane   divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.  
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Transverse Plane   Divides the body horizontally into a top, or superior part and a bottom or inferior part.  
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Epigastric Region   The area above the stomach  
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Hypochondriac Region   The two regions just below the ribs, immediately over the abdomen.  
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Umbilical Region   The region surrounding the umbilicus (navel)  
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Lumbar Regions   The two regions near the waist  
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Hypogastric Region   The area just below the umbilical region  
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Iliac or inguinal Regions   The two regions near the upper portion of the hipbone  
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Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)   Contains portions of small intestines and colon, left ovary and fallopian tubes, and left ureter.  
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Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)   Contains portions of small intestines and colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter.  
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Right upper Quadrant (RUQ)   Right love of liver, gallbladder, portions of the pancreas, small intestines, and colon  
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Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)   Left lobe of liver, spleen, stomach, portions of the pancreas, small intestine and colon  
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