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Cards to study for 7th grade life science semester 1 exam.

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
A ________________________ is a representation of an object or a system.   model  
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The study of living things is ______________________________________.   life science  
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Organisms maintain internal stability despite threats by external stimuli through ___________________.   homeostasis  
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Molecules that are sometimes called the blueprints of life are __________________________________.   nucleic acids  
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All of the chemical activities that an organism’s cells perform are called __________________________.   metabolism  
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A living thing that makes its own food.   producer  
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A series of steps followed by scientists to solve problems.   scientific method  
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A living thing that breaks down the nutrients of dead organisms   decomposer  
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set of related hypotheses supported by evidence   theory  
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Used to produce clear and detailed images of non-living specimens   electron microscope  
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The major energy-carrying molecule in the cell   ATP  
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The lowest level of organization is the _____________________.   cell  
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Particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration during ____________________________.   diffusion  
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Pairs of chromosomes are called ______________________________________.   homologous chromosomes  
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When oxygen breaks down food to release energy, it is called ______________________________.   cellular respiration  
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the reason that most cells are limited to a very small size   surface area-to-volume ratio  
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small bodies in a cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions   organelles  
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an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles   prokaryote  
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prokaryotes that include extremophiles, organisms that live in extreme conditions   archaebacteria  
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an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane as well as membrane-bound organelles   eukaryote  
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an organelle that functions as the main power source of a cell, breaking down sugar to produce energy   mitochondria  
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organelles in which photosynthesis takes place   chloroplast  
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If an allele in a Punnett square is written Bt, ______ is the dominant trait.   B  
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In the second generation, ____________________________ reappear after disappearing in the first generation.   recessive traits  
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When sequences of base pairs are copied incorrectly, they are called a_______________________.   mutation  
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Examples of chemical _________________________ include asbestos and chemicals in cigarette smoke.   mutagens  
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The pairing of bases allows cells to __________________________.   replicate  
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Adenine and ____________________________ bases fit together.   thymine  
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Cytosine and ____________________________ bases fit together.   guanine  
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If there is 30% cytosine in a sample, there will be 20% ________________________________.   adenine  
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fertilization of one plant to another   cross-pollination  
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when one trait is not completely dominant over another   incomplete dominance  
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a way to organize possible offspring combinations   Punnett square  
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an organism’s appearance   phenotype  
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the entire genetic makeup of an organism   genotype  
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the mathematical chance that something will happen   probability  
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process that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes   meiosis  
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process where the nucleus divides once   mitosis  
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cell organelle where protein is synthesized   ribosome  
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the form of mutation where one base is replaced by another kind   substitution  
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material shaped like a double helix that determines inherited characteristics   DNA  
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the material made of amino acids that causes most of the differences we see in organisms   proteins  
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bacteria that break down dead organisms   decomposer  
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an organism with no nucleus   prokaryote  
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an organism that invades a cell and uses it to create more organisms   virus  
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bacteria that cause disease   pathogenic bacteria  
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type of cell in which viruses reproduce   host  
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a protist that makes its own food.   producer  
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a protist that invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs   parasite  
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An animal that has a backbone.   vertebrate  
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an organ in fish that removes oxygen from the water and exchanges it with carbon dioxide from the blood.   gills  
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saclike organ that takes oxygen from the air and delivers it to the blood   lung  
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a mammal that lays eggs   monotreme  
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a mammal with a pouch, such as a kangaroo, koala, or opossum   marsupial  
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the muscle that helps bring air into the lungs   diaphragm  
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a soft feather that provides warmth   down  
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a stiff outer feather that determines shape   contour  
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the upward pressure on wings   lift  
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the act of sitting on a nest to keep eggs warm   brooding  
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