Orange Module Review-Digestive
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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What are rugae? | Folds in the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes.
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What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | Liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
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What are the four divisions of the colon? | Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon.
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What are the functions of the liver? | Produces bile, removes glucose (sugar) from the blood, stores vitamins B12, A, D, E and K, destroys or transforms toxic products, destroys damaged red blood cells, synthesizing proteins that circulate in the blood.
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What are the three main components of the large intestine? | Cecum, colon, rectum.
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What are the three main parts of the stomach? | Fundus, body, pylorus.
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What are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | Hard palate, soft palate.
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What is the medical term for the mouth? | Oral cavity.
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What is another name for the GI tract? | Alimentary canal.
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What are villi? | Microscopic finger-like projections.
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Where does peristalsis occur? | From the pharynx to the anus. (The entire GI tract)
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Where is digestion completed? | Small intestine.
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What is a volvulus? | A life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself.
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What are hemorrhoids? | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal.
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What causes hepatitis A? | Ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk.
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What is diverticulosis? | Small blisterlike pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine.
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What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum.
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Where are ulcers commonly found? | Stomach and duodenum.
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Where do inguinal hernias develop? | In the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs.
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Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | Ulcerative colitis.
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ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach.
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occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding.
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ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
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hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it.
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deglutition | Act of swallowing.
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gallbladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine.
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pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion.
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regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach.
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mastication | Chewing.
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fecalith | Fecal concretion.
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cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine.
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ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver.
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cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones.
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flatus | Gas in the GI tract.
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ulterative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon.
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diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine.
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stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach.
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anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat.
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rectum | Last portion of the GI tract.
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ileum | Lower division of the small intestine.
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serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood.
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halitosis | Offensive or "bad" breath.
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proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus.
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melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices.
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steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces.
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celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen.
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buccal | Peraining to the cheek.
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lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone.
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eructation | Producing gas from the stomach.
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peristalsis | Progressive, wavelike movement.
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upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine.
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lower gastrointestinal series (BE) | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon.
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cholecystogram/graphy | Radiographic record of the gallbladder.
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borborygmus | Rumbing or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance.
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cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver.
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jejunum | Second division of the small intestine.
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transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen.
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obstipation | Severe constipation.
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pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
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enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall.
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ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall.
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anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.
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cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip.
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aerophagia | Swallowing air.
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liver | The largest glandular organ.
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diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements.
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ingest | To eat.
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hematemesis | Vomiting blood.
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malabsorption | When nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues.
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oral leukoplakia | White patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek.
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Ba | barium
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BaE, BE | barium enema
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BM | bowel movement
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BMI | body mass index
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CF | cystic fibrosis
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CT | computed tomography
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EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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ERCP | endoscopic retrograde choleangiopancreatography
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GB | gallbladder
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GERD | gastroseophageal reflux disease
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GI | gastrointestinal
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HBV | hepatitis B virus
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IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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LFT | liver function test
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PE | physical examination
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PMH | past medical history
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PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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R/O | rule out
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RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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STAT | immediately
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Created by:
Barbara Ross
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