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Intro to Chemistry (2015)

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
atom   The smallest unit of matter.  
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molecule   It is made of 2 or more atoms held together by bonds. (Ex. CO2, C6H12O6, NaCl, O2…)  
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element   A substance that consists of only one type of atoms like C or Mg or O2. It cannot be broken down by chemical reaction. All the known ones are found in the Periodic Table.  
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compound   Substance made of 2 (or more) different types of atoms (like H2O or C6H12O6 - but not O2)  
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bond   The attraction (force) that holds atoms together to make molecules. They contain energy! They are "made" of electrons.  
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chemical formula   A set of chemical symbols that shows the elements and their proportions - how many of each are in one molecule.  
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chemical reaction   A process that rearranges and recombines molecules and atoms, which results in the formation of new chemical substances.  
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reactants   The “ingredients” necessary for a chemical reaction.  
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products   What is created or produced after a chemical reaction.  
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organic compound   A compound whose molecules contain carbon. Usually has C–H bonds, with carbon bonded to hydrogen.  
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enzyme   A compound that helps speed up chemical reactions. In the body, they speed up the digestion (breakdown) of food into nutrient molecules.  
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photosynthesis   When green plants use sunlight to synthesize food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water. 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Happens in the chloroplasts.  
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cellular respiration   The process by which cells use oxygen to break apart glucose to make energy for living. The energy formed is the compound ATP. C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) It occurs in ALL cells (plant or animal), in the mitochondria.  
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Periodic Table   A chart that organizes all the known elements by their chemical properties. Elements in a group (column) have similar properties. Metals are on the left, nonmetals on the right.  
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chemical energy   Energy in chemical bonds. Can be released in a chemical reaction or absorbed when a new compound is formed.  
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glucose   A simple sugar that is used by cells to make energy (by the cellular respiration reaction!)  
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mixture   Two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically mixed, but not chemically combined. (Air, soil, blood are all examples.)  
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chemical change   evidence of this can be: release of gas/bubbles, a color change or change in temperature  
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atomic number   this number tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (it also tells you the number of electrons!)  
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