Cell Bio/Histo/Path -7
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| Carcinogen associated with: Hepatocellular carcinoma | Aflatoxins
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| Carcinogen associated with: Angiosarcoma | Vinyl chloride
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| Carcinogen associated with: Centrilobular necrosis of liver | CCl4
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| Carcinogen associated with: Fatty change of liver | CCl4
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| Carcinogen associated with: Liver | -Aflatoxins -Vinyl chloride -CCl4
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| Carcinogen associated with: Esophagus | Nitrosamines
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| Carcinogen associated with: Stomach | Nitrosamines
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| Carcinogen associated with: Larynx | Cigarette smoke
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| Carcinogen associated with: Lung | -Cigarette smoke -Asbestos
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| Carcinogen associated with: Mesothelioma of lung | Asbestos
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| Carcinogen associated with: Bronchogenic carcinoma of lung | Asbestos
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| Carcinogen associated with: Skin | Arsenic (squamous cell carcinoma)
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| Carcinogen associated with: Bladder | Naphthalene dyes (transitional cell carcinoma)
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| Carcinogen associated with: Blood | Alkylating agents (leukemia)
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| Paraneoplastic effects: definition | Symptoms not directly related to tumor or hormones of tumor tissue
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Small cell lung carcinoma | (w/ intracranial neoplasms) -Cause: ADH -Effect: SIADH (w/o intracranial neoplasms) -Cause:ACTH/ACTH-like peptide -Effect: Cushing's -Cause:Abs against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction -Effect: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness)
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Squamous cell lung carcinoma | Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Renal cell carcinoma | Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Breast carcinoma | Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Multiple myeloma | Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Bone metastasis (lysed bone) | (Though technically not a paraneoplastic syndrome) Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Hemangioblastoma | Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Hepatocellular carcinoma | Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Thymoma | -Cause:Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction -Effect: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness)
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Leukemia | Cause: Hypercalcemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie, cytotoxic therapy) Effects: -Gout -Urate nephropathy
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| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Lymphoma | Cause: Hypercalcemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie, cytotoxic therapy) Effects: -Gout -Urate nephropathy
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ACTH | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Cushing's syndrome Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ACTH-like peptide | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Cushing's syndrome Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ADH | Paraneoplastic syndrome: SIADH Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma with intracranial neoplasms
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: PTH-related peptide | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one)
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: TGF-beta | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one)
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: TNF-alpha | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one)
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: IL-1 | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one)
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Erythropoietin | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Polycythemia Neoplasms: -Renal cell carcinoma -hemangioblastoma -hepatocellular carcinoma
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Antibodies against Ca2+ channels | Paraneoplastic syndrome: Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness due to presynaptic channels being destroyed) Neoplasms: -Thymoma -Small-cell lung cancer
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) | Paraneoplastic syndromes: -Gout -Urate nephropathy Neoplasms: -Leukemia -Lymphoma
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Cushing's syndrome | Cause: ACTH or ACTH-like peptide Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: SIADH | Cause: ADH Neoplasms: Small cell lung carcinoma with intracranial neoplasms
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Hypercalcemia | Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone: technically not a paraneoplastic cause)
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Polycythemia | Cause: Erythropoietin Neoplasms: -Renal cell carcinoma -Hemangioblastoma -Hepatocellular carcinoma
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness) | Cause: Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction Neoplasms: -Thymoma -Small cell lung carcinoma
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Gout | Cause: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) Neoplasms: -Leukemias -Lymphomas
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| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Urate nephropathy | Cause: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) Neoplasms: -Leukemias -Lymphomas
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| Primary tumors that metastasize to the brain | Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia -Lung -Breast -Skin (melanoma) -Kidney (renal cell carcinoma) -GI
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| Primary tumors that metastasize to the liver | Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver By decreasing frequency: -Colon -Stomach -Pancreas -Breast -Lung
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| Primary tumors that metastasize to bone | Primary Tumors Like Killing Bone -Prostate (blastic) -Thyroid/Testes -Lung (Lytic) -Kidney -Breast (Both lytic and blastic) Prostate and bone are most common
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| % of brain tumors from metastases | 50%
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| % of liver tumors from metastases | Unspecified, but there are many more metastases than primary liver tumors
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| % of bone tumors from metastases | Unspecified, but there are many more metastases than primary bone tumors
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| Brain metastasis: Morphology | -Multiple -Well circumscribed -At gray/white border
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| Incidence and mortality in men of the following cancer: Prostate | Incidence: 32% Mortality: 13%
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| Incidence in men of the following cancer: Lung | Incidence: 16% Mortality: 33%
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| Incidence in men of the following cancer: Colon and rectum | Incidence: 12% Mortality: Unspecified
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| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Breast | Incidence: 32% Mortality: 18%
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| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Lung | Incidence: 13% Mortality: 23%
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| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Colon and Rectum | Incidence: 13% Mortality: Unspecified
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| Type of necrosis found in: Heart | Coagulative
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| Type of necrosis found in: Liver | Coagulative
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| Type of necrosis found in: Kidney | Coagulative
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| Type of necrosis found in: Brain | Liquefactive
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| Type of necrosis found in: Tuberculosis | Caseous
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| Type of necrosis found in: Pancreas | Fat
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| Type of necrosis found in: Blood vessels | Fibrinoid
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| Type of necrosis found in: Limbs | Gangrenous
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| Type of necrosis found in: GI tract | Gangrenous
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