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Cause and Effect

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What are the causes of seizures?   •Alcohol or drug withdrawal •High fever •Stroke •Hyponatremia  
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Which patient's disease state require the drug therapy to be individualized?   seizure patients  
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Seizure medications may take a _____ to see the results.   month  
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What is Monotherapy?   one drug is tried first, and other agents may be added to control seizure activity  
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Gabapentin is used to treat what other conditions?   nerve pain related to diabetic neuropathy, nerve pain, and shingles.  
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Many antiepileptic drugs can cause ______,______ and ______?   drowsiness, dizziness mental confusion  
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Because many antiepileptic drugs are dose-dependent __________ must be monitored.   blood levels  
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Dulling effect on the ability to think is a side effect of   antiepileptic drugs  
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A severe and sometimes fatal rash caused by a side effect of antiepileptic drugs   Stevens-Johnson syndrome  
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Antiepileptic drugs can cause blood abnormalities,_______ are taken periodically to check for abnormalities in blood cells.   blood tests  
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Gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue in the mouth is a side effect of?   Phenytoin  
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Anticonvulsants classified as pregnancy category ___ are harmful to a developing fetus if taken while the patient is pregnant   D  
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Abrupt withdrawal of AEDs should always be avoided, because sudden discontinuation may trigger _______   seizures  
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Patients allergic to sulfa antibiotics should not take_______   Zonisamide  
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Phenytoin is highly bound to _______in the bloodstream, and it interacts with many other meds that are also bound to _________.   protein  
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____________can adhere to nasogastric tubing, it must be mixed well with normal saline and separated by two hours from feedings given through the same tube.   Phenytoin  
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Valproate and valproic acid tablets should be swallowed whole, not _____or _______.   crushed or chewed  
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Valproate and valproic acid tablets should not be taken with ______ or ________   aspirin or carbonate beverages  
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What form of carbamazepine works as an osmotic pump and leaves an empty pill casing in the stool   Extended-release  
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Extended-release form of carbamazepine works best when taken with a ______ meal   fatty  
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________ works best when taken with food.   Ethosuximide  
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Barbiturates and primidone are ________ _________, patients can develop tolerance and dependence, and they may need more drug to get the same effects.   controlled substances  
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Topiramate and zonisamide can cause _______ ________, patients should drink plenty of fluids to avoid this effect.   kidney stones  
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What drugs cause Parkinson’s Disease–type symptoms?   •Antipsychotic agents •Metoclopramide •Phenothiazine antiemetics •Pimozide •Amoxapine •Lithium •Serotonin reuptake inhibitors  
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__________ is usually given in combination with levodopa because it slows the breakdown of levodopa before it reaches the CNS, allowing more of it to enter.   Carbidopa  
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What are the side effects of levodopa?   •Nausea and dyskinesias •Dizziness •Constipation •Insomnia •Daytime sleepiness •Mood elevations  
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What side effect causes abnormal, involuntary writhing movements of the arms, legs, neck, and mouth   Dyskinesias  
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Dyskinesias side effects can occur over__ to __ minutes after taking a dose of levodopa   60 to 90  
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Daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks may impair a patient’s ability to ______ or participate in daily activities.   drive  
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Apomorphine should not be taken along with ______ agents such as ondansetron, granisetron, or alosteron.   antiemetic  
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_________and __________ are used topically in the nose as decongestants to reduce sinus swelling during respiratory infections   Ephedrine and phenylephrine  
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What are the side effects of adrenergic agonists?   •Headache •Excitability •Fast heart rate •Restlessness •Insomnia  
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Pharmacy technicians should be aware that IV forms of epinephrine are mixed in ______ _______ , not normal saline   dextrose solution  
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Epinephrine should be injected into the ______, not the _______   thigh,buttocks  
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The epinephrine autoinjector contains only ___ dose, so a refill will be needed once it is used.   one  
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When dispensing epinephrine, patients or caregivers should be alerted of the?   expiration date  
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What are the effects of anticholinergic drugs?   dry mouth dry eyes constipation urinary retention increase in blood pressure  
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Patients with urinary difficulty or bowel problems should not use drugs with ________ side effects.   anticholinergic  
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_______ pain medications are drugs that cause significant anticholinergic side effects-constipation and dry mouth, respectively.   Opiod  
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