Various astronomy terms
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Celestial sphere | An imaginary, giant, hollow sphere with the earth in the center and the sun, moon, stars, and other planets on it's inner surface.
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Horizon | The line that separates the visible portion of the celestial sphere from the part we cannot see.
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Celestial poles | The points on the celestial sphere that are directly overhead at the earth's poles.
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Circumpolar | Always above the horizon.
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Zodiac | The imaginary band on which the sun moon and planets appear.
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Constellation | A group of celestial bodies contained within certain boundaries.
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Asterism | A small group of stars used to form a picture.
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Sun | The closest and most important star to us.
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Core of the sun | The center of the sun.
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Photosphere | The visible part of the sun.
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Granule | A convection cell on the surface of the sun about 600 miles long.
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Supergranule | Convection cells on the sun's surface about 22000 miles long.
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Sunspots | Cool spots on the sun caused by its magnetic field.
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Chromosphere | The lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere, called the sphere of color.
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Spicule | Columns of gas erupting from the chromospere.
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Solar flares | A tremendous burst of energy caused by magnetic stress within the sun.
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Solar prominence | Streams of dense gas erupting off the chromosphere and returning in a loop like fashion.
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transition region | The layer of the sun's atmosphere above the chromosphere.
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Corona | The outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere.
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Coronagraph | A device that blocks light from the photosphere.
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Light-year | The distance light travels in one year.
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Parallax | The change in an object's position caused by an observers change in position.
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Apparent magnitude | The brightness of a star as it appears from earth.
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Absolute magnitude | The apparent magnitude viewed from 10 parsecs.
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Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | A chart used for classifying stars
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Giants or supergiants | Large cool stars whose brightness is caused by size.
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Stars of the main sequence | Average stars whose temperature depends on heat.
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White dwarf | A very hot but dim star due to its size.
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Binary star | A system in which two stars are bound together by gravity.
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Optical doubles | Stars that are close on the celestial sphere but far apart in space.
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Open cluster | Asymmetrical clumps containing tens hundreds or thousands of stars.
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Globular cluster | Tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars.
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Nova | An occurrence taking place when a star flares up many times its original brightness.
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Supernova | A nova resulting in the explosion of a star.
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Neutron star | The hot core of a star left after a supernova.
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Pulsar | A rapidly rotating neutron star that emits radio waves.
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Galaxy | A massive star system containing millions or billions of stars.
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Clusters | The smallest division in groups of galaxies.
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Supercluster | A group of several clusters.
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Spiral galaxy | A galaxy shaped with large arms spiraling from the nucleus.
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Black hole | An object so large and dense no matter can escape its gravity.
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Elliptical galaxy | Egg-shaped galaxies.
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Lenticular galaxy | A flat galaxy with a bulging nucleus.
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irregular galaxy | galaxies with no definite shape.
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Quasar | An extremely bright object that emits light and radio waves.
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Accretion disc | A glowing ring of gas.
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Nebulae | Large clouds of gas floating in space.
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Solar wind | A high speed stream of charged particles ejected from the sun.
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Orbit | Circle around due to gravity.
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