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Chemistry

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
The scientific system of writing numbers   scientific notation  
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Give the scientific Notation of 1,000,000,000   10^9  
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Give the scientific notation of' 1,000,000   10^6  
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Give the scientific notation of 1,000   10^3  
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Give the scientific notation of 100   10^2  
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Give the scientific notation of 1   10^0  
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Give the scientific notation of 0.01   10^-2  
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Give the scientific notation of 0.000001   10^-6  
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Give the scientific notation of 0.000000001   10^-9  
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method to measure weight, length, and volume   metric system  
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simple, logical, and efficient measurement system   metric system  
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basic units of measurements of the metric system   grams, liters, and meters  
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Basic measurement of weight   grams (g)  
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Basic measure of weight   liter (L)  
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Basic measure of distance   meter (m)  
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Tera- abbreviation means? numerically   T- 10^12 1 quadrillion times  
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Giga- abbreviation? means? numerically?   G- 10^9 1 billion times  
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Mega- abbreviation? means? numerically   M- 10^6 1 million times  
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kilo- abbreviation? means? numerically?   k- 10^3 1 thousand times  
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hecto- abbreviation? means? nummerically?   h- 10^2 1 hundred times  
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deka- abbreviation? means? numerically?   D- 10^1 times  
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deci- abbreviation? means? numerically?   d- 10^-1 1 tenth of  
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centi- abbreviation? means? numerically?   c- 10^-2 1 hundredth of  
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milli- abbreviation? means? numerically?   m- 10^-3 1 thousandth of  
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micro- abbreviation? means? numerically?   u(backwards) 10^-6 1 millionth of  
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nano- abbreviation? means? numerically?   n- 10^-9 1 billionth of  
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pico- abbreviation? means? numerically?   p- 10^-12 1 trillionth of  
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femto- abbreviation? means? numerically?   f- 10^-15 1 quadrillionth of  
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3 most common temperature systems   Fahrenheit, Celsius, nad Kelvin  
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temperature measuring system used only in the United States, its territories,Belize, and Jamaica.   Fahrenheit  
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Rarely used for any scientific measurements except body temperature.   Fahrenheit  
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Zero degrees is the freezing point of sea water or heavy brine at sea level.   Fahrenheit  
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32 degrees is the freezing point of pure water at sea level.   Fahrenheit  
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212 degrees is the boiling point of pure water at sea level.   Fahrenheit  
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Most people have a body temperature of 98.6 degrees   Fahrenheit  
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temperature system used in the rest of the world and by the scientific community.   Celsius/Centigrade  
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zero degrees is the freezing point of pure water at sea level.   Celsius  
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100 degrees is the boiling point of pure water a sea level.   Celsius  
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Most people have a body temperature of 37 degrees   Celsius  
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Used only in the scientific community   Kelvin  
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zero degrees is -273 degrees Celsius and is thought to be the lowest temperature achievable or absolute zero   Kelvin  
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The freezing point of water is 273   Kelvin  
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The boiling point of water is 373   Kelvin  
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Basic building block of all molecules   Atom  
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Atom's physical structure   Nucleus  
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At the center of the atom and is composed of protons and neutrons   Nucleus  
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When are atoms most stable?   When an orbital is full  
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positive electrical charge   protons  
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negative charge   electrons  
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no charge   neutrons  
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an atom that is electrically charged   ion  
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an atom that has a positive charge   cation  
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an atom that has a negative charge   anion  
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defined by its properties   matter  
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rows of the periodic table   periods  
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columns of the periodic table   groups  
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energy required to remove the outermost electron from the atom.   ionization energy  
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ability to attract electrons   electronegativity  
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what location is the alkali metals in the periodic table? What are the properties?   Group 1 metals with one outermost electron. form 1+ ions  
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what location are the alkaline earth metals in the periodic table? what are the properties?   Group 2 metals with two outermost electrons. Form 2+ ions  
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where are the transition metals located in the periodic table?   Groups 3-10 Metals that usually form colored ions and solutions. Have multiple oxidation states.  
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Where are the Halogens located in the periodic table?   Group 17 Nonmetals with seven outermost electrons. Form 1- ions  
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Where are the noble gases located in the periodic table?   Group 18 Nonmetal gases that do not react because they have full outermost PELs  
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Two important numbers or properties of atoms that can be obtained from the periodic table are?   atomic number & mass  
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number of protons in the nucleus, and it defines an atom of a particular element.   atomic number  
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what is the atomic mass of an atom?   average mass of each of that element's isotopes.  
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different kinds of the same atom that vary in weight   Isotopes  
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What is it called when a an element or atom exists in combination with other elements?   compound  
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How is an equation written>   Reactants ----> Products  
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In any chemical reaction, an arrow between the reactants and the products is drawn out. What does the arrow symbolize?   the direction of the reaction  
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what does the law of conservation of mass state?   Mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. Therefore, once the reactants have been written and the products predicted, the equation must be balanced.  
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A state in which reactants are forming products at the same rate that products are forming reactants.   Equilibrium  
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Name 4 ways to increase the reaction rate   increase the temperature in the reaction, increase the surface area of the reactants, add a catalyst, or increase the concentrations of reactants.  
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If you increase the temperature in the reaction what happens?   causes the particles to have a greater kinetic energy causing them to move faster. Contact is when the chemical reactions will occur.  
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What happens when you increase the surface area of the particles in the reaction?   Gives the particles more opportunity to come into contact with one another.  
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accelerates a reaction by reducing the activation energy or the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to occur.   catalyst  
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what happens when you increase the concentration of the reactants?   It will cause more chance collisions between the reactants and produce more products.  
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Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances   solution  
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can be a liquid in a liquid, a solid in a liquid, or a solid in a solid.   solutions  
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name the four types of solutions   compounds, alloys, amalgams, emulsions  
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Mixtures of different elements to create a single matter   compound  
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solid solutions of metals to make a new one such as bronze, which is copper and tin, or steel, which is iron and carbon, tungsten, chromium, and manganese   alloys  
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a specific type of alloy in which another metal is dissolved in mercury   amalgams  
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mixtures of matter that readily separate such as water and oil.   emulsions  
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How is percent concentration expressed?   weight/weight; grams/grams weight/volume; grams/liters volume/volume; milliliters/liter **mg/100mL  
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How is Molar concentration expressed?   a mole=6.02x10^23 mol/L  
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Name the five main types of chemical reactions   synthesis decomposition combustion single replacement double replacement  
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two elements combine to form a product. 2K(+) + 2Cl(-) ---> 2KCL   Synthesis  
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opposite of synthesis because it is the breaking of a compound into its component parts.   NaCl ---> Na(+) + Cl(-) decoposition  
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self-sustaining, exothermic chemical reaction usually initiated by heat acting on oxygen and a fuel compound such as hydrocarbon.   combustion  
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replacement reactions involve ionic compounds; consist of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound   single replacement  
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joining of one atom   chemical bonding  
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electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions, or a cation and an anion.   ionic bond  
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generally formed between a metal and a nonmetal   ionic  
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formed when two atoms share electrons, generally in pairs, one from each atom.   covalent bond  
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in a covalently bonded compound, if the electrons in the bond are shared equally, then the bond is termed ____.   nonpolar  
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___ is based on the difference in eletronegativity values for the elements involved in the bond.   polarity  
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NOT BONDING INTERACTIONS; Weaker forces of attraction between whole mlecules   intermolecular forces  
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attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element.   hydrogen bond  
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attraction of one dipole on one molecule for the dipole of another molecule   dipole-dipole interactions  
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how is a dipole created?   when an electron pair is shared unequally in a covalent bond between two atoms or elements  
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