Integument System Overview - Q – Symptomatic terms & A – Meaning
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lesion (Fig. 3-2) | an area of pathologically altered tissue; the two types of lesions are primary and secondary
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primary lesions | lesions arising from previously normal skin
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macule or macula (Fig. 3-3, A) | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (e.g., a freckle)
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patch (Fig. 3-3, B) | a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm (e.g., vitiligo)
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papule (Fig. 3-3, C) | a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a nevus [mole])
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plaque (Fig. 3-3, D) | a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin
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nodule (Fig. 3-3, E) | a solid mass greater than 1 cm that extends deeper into the epidermis
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tumor (Fig. 3-3, F) | a solid mass larger than 1–2 cm
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wheal (Fig. 3-3, G) | an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g., a hive)
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vesicle (Fig. 3-3, H) | little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a fever blister)
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bulla (Fig. 3-3, I) | a blister larger than 0.5 cm (e.g., a second-degree burn) (bulla = bubble)
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pustule (Fig. 3-3, J) | a pus-filled sac (e.g., a pimple)
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secondary lesions | lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
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erosion (Fig. 3-4, A) | gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (e.g., area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)
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ulcer (Fig. 3-4, B) | an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection (e.g., decubitus ulcer)
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excoriation (Fig. 3-4, C) | a scratch mark
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fissure (Fig. 3-4, D) | a linear crack in the skin
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scale (Fig. 3-4, E) | a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (e.g., dandruff)
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crust (Fig. 3-4, F) | a dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (e.g., as seen in impetigo)
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vascular lesions | lesions of a blood vessel
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cherry angioma (Fig. 3-5, A) | a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
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telangiectasia (Fig. 3-5, B) | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos = end)
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spider angioma | 0
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purpuric lesions | purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin
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petechia (Fig. 3-5, C) | spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura
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ecchymosis (Fig. 3-5, D) | bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura (chymo = juice)
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cicatrix of the skin | a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar)
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keloid (Fig. 3-6) | an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele = tumor)
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epidermal tumors | skin tumors arising from the epidermis
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nevus (see Fig. 3-1) | a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole
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dysplastic nevus | a mole with precancerous changes
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verruca (Fig. 3-7) | an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart
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lesion (Fig. 3-2) | an area of pathologically altered tissue; the two types of lesions are primary and secondary
🗑
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🗑
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🗑
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|||||
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primary lesions | lesions arising from previously normal skin
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macule or macula (Fig. 3-3, A) | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (e.g., a freckle)
🗑
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🗑
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patch (Fig. 3-3, B) | a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm (e.g., vitiligo)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
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papule (Fig. 3-3, C) | a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a nevus [mole])
🗑
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||||
🗑
|
|||||
plaque (Fig. 3-3, D) | a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin
🗑
|
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🗑
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nodule (Fig. 3-3, E) | a solid mass greater than 1 cm that extends deeper into the epidermis
🗑
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tumor (Fig. 3-3, F) | a solid mass larger than 1–2 cm
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🗑
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wheal (Fig. 3-3, G) | an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g., a hive)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
vesicle (Fig. 3-3, H) | little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a fever blister)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
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bulla (Fig. 3-3, I) | a blister larger than 0.5 cm (e.g., a second-degree burn) (bulla = bubble)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
pustule (Fig. 3-3, J) | a pus-filled sac (e.g., a pimple)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
secondary lesions | lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
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erosion (Fig. 3-4, A) | gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (e.g., area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
ulcer (Fig. 3-4, B) | an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection (e.g., decubitus ulcer)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
excoriation (Fig. 3-4, C) | a scratch mark
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
fissure (Fig. 3-4, D) | a linear crack in the skin
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
scale (Fig. 3-4, E) | a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (e.g., dandruff)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
crust (Fig. 3-4, F) | a dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (e.g., as seen in impetigo)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
vascular lesions | lesions of a blood vessel
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
cherry angioma (Fig. 3-5, A) | a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
telangiectasia (Fig. 3-5, B) | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos = end)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
spider angioma | 0
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
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purpuric lesions | purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
petechia (Fig. 3-5, C) | spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
ecchymosis (Fig. 3-5, D) | bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura (chymo = juice)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
cicatrix of the skin | a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
keloid (Fig. 3-6) | an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele = tumor)
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
epidermal tumors | skin tumors arising from the epidermis
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
nevus (see Fig. 3-1) | a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
dysplastic nevus | a mole with precancerous changes
🗑
|
||||
🗑
|
|||||
🗑
|
|||||
verruca (Fig. 3-7) | an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart
🗑
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