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Infant Development

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Question
Answer
What is temperament?   inborn style of reacting to the environment  
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What is egocentric?   Seeing things from your own point of view  
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What age is an infant?   birth to 12 months  
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Sensorimotor   Stage of cognitive development from birth to 2 years old  
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Babinski   toes fan out when the bottom of the foot is stroked  
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Moro   also known as startle reflex  
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Stepping   reflex where a baby makes a walking motion when held up with its feed touching a surface  
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Swimming   hold a baby horizontally and it will move its arms and legs in a swimming motion  
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Erik Erikson   child development theorist who said that bonding is necessary for development of good self-esteem.  
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trust or mistrust   this is based on the quality of a baby's early experiences with caregivers and the environment  
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fontanel   soft spots on a baby's head  
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Heredity   traits that you are born with  
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Environment   people, places, experiences, and surroundings  
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Rooting   turn toward a touch on the baby's cheek or lips  
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Bonding   forming a strong attachment to and preference for a primary caregiver  
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nurture   to provide love, support, and encouragement  
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Grasping   automatically closing the hand when the palm is touched  
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separation distress   when a baby shows unhappiness or is upset when a primary caregiver leaves  
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stranger anxiety   fear of unfamiliar people, usually expressed by crying  
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Easy temperament   babies that adjust quickly to changes in their routines  
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Slow to warm up   children who need more time to adjust to new people and new situations  
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Difficult   children who do not adjust well to changes in routines  
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Attachment behavior   infant will show signs of pleasure when the caregiver appears and distress when the caregiver leaves  
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Object permanance   understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is out of sight  
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Birth to one month   baby practices inborn reflexes and does not understand itself as a separate person  
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one to four months   baby combines 2 or more reflexes and develops hand to mouth coordination  
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four to eight months   baby acts intentionally to produce results and improves eye-hand coordination  
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eight to twelve months   begins to solve problemsand finds partially hidden objects; imitates others  
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twelve to eighteen months   finds hidden objects; explores and experiments, and understands that objects exist independently  
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eighteen to twenty-four months   solves problems by thinking through sequences; can think using symbols; begins imaginative thinking  
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Perceptual motor skills   skills that require the coordination of vision, intellect, and movement  
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Eye-hand coordination   the ability to move the hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen  
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Reflexes   inborn, instinctive, involuntary reactions to a stimulus, such as noise or touch  
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Moro   throwing out the arms and legs in response to a loud sound or sudden movement  
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vocalizations   sounds that imitate adult language  
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discomfort, distress, happiness   emotions that infants experience  
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responsive, consistent, reliable care   necessary for a baby's emotional development in order to develop trust in others and int their environment  
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marasmus   condition in which babies fail to thrive that can be caused by lack of social and emtional interaction or physical problems or poor nutrition  
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