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Neurmuscular Disorders

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Term
Definition
First generation relative increases risk over 20 times   MS  
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Demyelinating disease of the CNS   MS  
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Mainly affects white matter   MS  
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Most common nontraumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults   MS  
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Cause is unknown   MS, GBS  
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Possibly due to an abnormal immune response   MS  
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Most common in cooler northern climates   MS  
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Smoking is a risk factor   MS  
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One symptom is spasticity   MS  
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Fatigue may be made worse by hot temperatures   MS  
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May have problems with memory   MS  
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McDonald's criteria used for diagnosis; gold standard for diagnosis   MS  
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Has different clinical patterns   MS  
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Relapsing-remitting is the most common clinical pattern   MS  
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Acute idiopathic polyneuritis   GBS  
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Affects any age   GBS  
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No ethnic differences   GBS  
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Disease of peripheral nervous system   GBS  
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Rapid onset of symptoms   GBS  
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Paralysis progressing symmetrically up from lower extremities   GBS  
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Decreased deep tendon reflexes   GBS  
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Elevated protein in spinal fluid   GBS  
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History of febrile illness 1-3 weeks prior   GBS  
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History of immunization or vaccine   GBS  
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Usually do not get this more than once   GBS  
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Cardinal signs include rigidity, tremor and bradycardia   Parkinson's disease  
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Shuffling gait, arms at side   Parkinson's disease  
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May result in dementia   Parkinson's disease  
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Lack of dopamine   Parkinson's disease  
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Autoimmune reaction, inflammatory response   Lupus (SLE)  
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Affects all body systems   Lupus (SLE)  
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Renal failure is a leading cause of death   Lupus (SLE)  
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Affects females more than males with average age about 30 years   Lupus (SLE)  
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Affects blacks more than whites   Lupus (SLE)  
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Low grade fever   Lupus (SLE)  
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Butterfly rash   Lupus (SLE)  
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Arthritis-like pain   Lupus (SLE)  
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Abnormal ANA titer   Lupus (SLE)  
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Alopecia   Lupus (SLE)  
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Sores in nose or mouth   Lupus (SLE)  
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Cardiac abnormalities   Lupus (SLE)  
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Deficit of acetylcholine   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Defect at myoneural junction   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Possible autoimmune etiology   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Affects women more than men, ages 20-30 years   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Disease of muscle weakness   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Abnormal skeletal muscle fatigue   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Ptosis, diplopia   Myasthenia Gravis  
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Motor loss but not sensory   ALS  
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Muscle wasting   ALS  
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Rapidly progressive and terminal   ALS  
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May be due to virus, bacteria, environmental toxin?   ALS  
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Onset between 40-70 years of age   ALS  
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Life expectancy is short (generally less than 3 years)   ALS  
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Stephen Hawking is most famous person with this who is still living   ALS  
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Weakness and wasting of upper extremities   ALS  
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Speech, chewing, swallowing obviously affected   ALS  
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Death is often from respiratory failure or aspiration   ALS  
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EMG and SER might be abnormal   ALS  
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Rule-out Lyme disease   ALS  
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Dominantly inherited   Huntington's Chorea  
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Rare genetic disease   Huntington's Chorea  
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Degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex   Huntington's Chorea  
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Choreiform movements   Huntington's Chorea  
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Progressive movements   Huntington's Chorea  
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Diagnosed between ages 35-45   Huntington's Chorea  
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Affects both males and females   Huntington's Chorea  
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No lab tests helpful   Huntington's Chorea  
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Signs/symptoms include rapid onset of symptoms, abnormal sensations, decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes   GBS  
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Two treatements for GBS that suppress the body's immune response   Plasmapheresis and IV gamma-globulin  
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Side effects of plasmapheresis   Hypotension and mortality  
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What are the most common deficits of GBS?   Fatigue and paralysis  
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Epstein-barr virus and lack of vitamin D exposure are risk factors for what disease?   MS  
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Where can lesions of MS be located?   Brain or spinal cord  
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How is the expanded disability status scale used?   Ranks neurological impairment in someone who has MS  
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Signs/symptoms include blurred vision, color distortion, loss of vision in one eye, eye pain, speech impediment, tremors, dizziness, ataxia, impaired mobility, paresthesia   MS  
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Signs/symptoms include dysarthria, dysphonia and dysphagia   MS  
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What type of bladder can someone with MS have?   Uninhibited, reflexic or areflexic  
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How is primary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described?   A steady increase without flare-ups (10-15%)  
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How is relapse-remitting clinical pattern of MS described?   Acute attacks that are well-defined; can be followed by full recovery or residual deficit (85%)  
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How is progressive-relapsing clinical pattern of MS described?   Steady decline since onset; progress clinically with acute relapses (5%)  
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How is secondary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described?   Long-term outcome of relapsing-remitting; gradual worsening of the disease that is independent of continued exacerbations (50% of those presenting with relapsing-remitting)  
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What are the combination of therapies used to treat MS?   Disese-modifying therapies, management of acute relapses, symptomatic treatments, and rehabilitation management  
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What are used to treat the symptoms of MS?   Steroids, immunosuppressants, antispasmodics, bowel and bladder medications  
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What is amantidine (Symmetrel) used to treat in MS?   Tremor and rigidity  
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What is propanolol used to treat in MS?   Tremors  
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What disease-modifying agents are used to treat MS?   Betaseron (interferon beta 1b), Rebif (interferon beta 1a), Avonex (interferon beta 1a), Copaxone (glatiramir acetate), and Novantrone (mitoxantrone)  
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For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Betaseron used?   Relapsing-remitting  
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For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Rebif used?   Relapsing forms  
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For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Copaxone used?   Relapsing-remitting  
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For what clinical pattern of MS is Avonex used?   Relapsing form and single clinical episode  
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What type of drug is Novantrone?   Antineoplastic  
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For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Novantrone used?   Rapidly worsening relapsing-remitting and progressive-relapsing or secondary-progressive  
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What is a motor paralytic bladder?   Can have motor function but not sensory function  
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What is a medication used for Parkinson's disease?   Levadopa  
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What medications are used to treat lupus?   Corticosteroids for the inflammation, as well as NSAIDs and aspirin  
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What two diseases share the characteristic of a mask-like expression?   Parkinson's disease and myasthenia gravis  
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Myasthenia gravis can be fatal if it affects what muscles?   Intercostal and diaphragm muscles  
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What medication is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis?   Mestinon  
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What is the most common genetic disorder seen in rehab?   Huntington's chorea  
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What neurotransmitter is found in increased levels in the serum and spinal fluid of someone with ALS?   Glutamate  
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What does EMG assess with regards to ALS?   Electromyography test that assesses muscle weakness  
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What medication is the drug of choice to treat ALS that has been approved by the FDA?   Riluzole  
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What medications make-up the three drug cocktail used to treat ALS?   Riluzole, minocycline (antibiotic), and nimodipine (calcium channel blocker)  
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What medication should be used with caution (or not used) to treat ALS?   -statins  
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What is the most important nursing intervention in regards to ALS?   Emotional support  
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For which neurologic disease is genetic counseling needed?   Huntington's chorea  
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For which neurologic disease is the care plan similar to that for Alzheimer's?   Huntington's chorea  
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For which neurologic disease is there no effective cure or treatment?   Huntington's chorea  
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For which neurlogic disease is there no cure but you treat the symptoms?   ALS  
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What class of medications are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis?   Anticholinesterase drugs  
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How long does someone with Myasthenia Gravis need to take their medication (Mestinon)?   The rest of their lives  
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Which of the neurological disorders are autoimmune-mediated disorders?   GBS and MS  
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Which of the neurological disorders are degenerative disorders?   Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Huntington's chorea  
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What muscle relaxants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders?   Baclofen, and dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)  
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What benzodiazepines can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders?   Diazepam (Valium)  
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What anticonvulsants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders?   Gabapentin (Neurontin)  
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What antiviral medication is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders?   Amantadine (Symmetrel)  
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What central nervous system stimulant is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders?   Methylphenidate (Ritalin)  
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