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science flashcards

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Term
Definition
Allele   one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.  
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Dominate trait   Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus.  
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Recessive trait   in genetics, a recessive gene is an allele that causes a phenotype that is only seen in a homozygous genotype and never in a heterozygous genotype.  
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homozygous   having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci  
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heterozygous   having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci  
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genotype   the genetic constitution of an individual organism.  
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phenotype   the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.  
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cloning   create an exact copy of something  
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nuclear division   a process of cloning in order to make the actual clone  
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reproductive cloning   making a full living copy of an organism  
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therapeutic cloning   nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant  
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embryo   an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life  
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genome   he ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism  
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reproduction   the act of making copies  
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genetics   the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms  
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