science flashcards
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Allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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Dominate trait | Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus.
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Recessive trait | in genetics, a recessive gene is an allele that causes a phenotype that is only seen in a homozygous genotype and never in a heterozygous genotype.
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homozygous | having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
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heterozygous | having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
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genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
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phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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cloning | create an exact copy of something
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nuclear division | a process of cloning in order to make the actual clone
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reproductive cloning | making a full living copy of an organism
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therapeutic cloning | nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant
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embryo | an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life
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genome | he ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism
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reproduction | the act of making copies
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genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
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