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Endocrine

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What are the three thyroid hormones?   T3, T4, and calcitonin  
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How does calcitonin decrease serum calcium?   Removes calcium from the blood and pushes it back into the bones  
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What dietary substance do you need to make hormones?   iodine  
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People with hyperthyroidism have too much   energy (Graves Disease)  
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Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? (10)   Nervous, weight decrease, sweaty/hot, exophthalmos, decrease attention span, increased appetite, irritable, increased GI, increased blood pressure, enlarged thyroid  
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For a hyperthyroid patient, is T4 increased or decreased?   Increasead  
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After a thyroidectomy, how can you assess for accidental removal of parathyroid glands?   Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (rigid muscles and spasms)  
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Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? (7)   No energy, fatigue, slow GI, weight gain, cold intolerance, slowed speech, no/flat expression  
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How long do clients with hypothyroidism have to take their meds?   forever  
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What type of heart disease do people with hypothyroidism tend to have?   Coronary artery heart disease  
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What does the parathyroids secrete and what does it do?   Secretes PTH which pulls calcium from the bones and place it in the blood. Increases serum calcium level.  
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If you have too much PTH in your body the serum calcium level will be?   increased  
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If you do not have enough PTH in your body, serum calcium level will be?   decreased  
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Hyperparathyroidism equals?   Hyperparthyroidism = hypercalcemia= hypophosphatemia  
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When serum calcium is high, serum phosphorus is?   low  
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What should you monitor for after partial parathyroidectomy?   rigid, tight muscles  
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Adrenal glands handle?   stress  
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What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?   Medulla and cortex  
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Where is epi and norepi excreted from?   adrenal medulla  
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What does the adrenal cortex secrete?   steroids (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones)  
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What are four things that glucocorticoids do?   inhibits insulin, alters your mood, breaks down fat and protein, alters defense mechanism  
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What is the purpose of a vanillylmandeic acid test?   24 hour urine specimen looking for increased levels of norepi and epi.  
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Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) make you retain what? And lose what?   retain sodium and water and lose potassium  
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A disease process that causes adrenocortical insuffiency (not enough steroids)?   Addisons disease  
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What are some signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease?   Hyperkalemia, anorexia/nausea, decreased bowel sounds and GI upset, vitiligo, hypotension, decreased Na, Increased potassium and hypoglycemia  
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A disease process in which the client has too many steroids?   Cushing’s disease  
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What is normal blood glucose levels?   70-110 mg/dL  
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What is usually the first sign of type 1 diabetes?   DKA  
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How does insulin work?   Carries glucose out of the vascular space and into the cells  
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What is the cause of type two diabetes?   the client is not producing enough insulin to keep up with glucose production  
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How do oral hypoglycemics work?   Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin  
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When should you exercise?   Same time everyday, after snack, when blood sugar is at its highest  
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What is a type of long acting insulin?   Lantus  
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What is the only type of insulin you can give IV?   Regular  
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How often is regular insulin given?   Once a day  
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When is bolus insulin given?   Throughout the day, before meals  
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What type of insulin can be given in infusion pumps?   Rapid acting  
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