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Nursing- sleep

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Question
Answer
NREM(non-rapid-eye-movement)   about 75-80# of sleep at night Four stages  
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Loss of NREM sleep causes   immunosuppression, slow tissue repair, low pain tolerance,profound fatigue, and increases susceptibility to infection  
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REM sleep   occurs about every 90 min last from 5- 30 min  
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Arterial changes during NREM sleep   arterial BP falls, pulse decreases, peripheral blood vessels dilate, cardiac output decreases, metabolic rate decreases, growth hormone peak levels, intracranial pressure decreases  
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Loss of REM sleep causes   physiological disturbances such as apathy, depression, irritability, confusion, disorientation, hallucination, impaired memory, insomnia  
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amount of sleep for newborns   16-18 hrs on irregular schedule with pds of 1-3 hrs awake. REM sleep immediately  
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amount of sleep for infants   14-15 hrs per day. 5 hours a night with two naps per day  
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amount of sleep for toddlers   between 12-14 hours in ages 1-3  
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amount of sleep for preschooler   (3-5 yrs old) 11-13 hrs  
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amount of sleep for school age   (5-12 yrs old) 10-11 hrs a night  
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Nurses should educate parents on what for infants and newborns?   self soothing techniques. Put them to bed when drowsy not asleep  
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Educate parents of toddlers   If they have enough attention from them during the day maintain a good sleep schedule will be healthy for everyone. Soothing objects  
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Educate parents of preschoolers   Maintain regular sleep schedule/ routine. Limit or eliminate TV at night to reduce nightmares.  
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Educate parents and school age children   Promote healthy sleep habits  
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amount of sleep for adolescents   (12-18 yrs old) 9-10 hrs  
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educate parents of teens   Dangers and symptoms of sleep deprivation.  
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Nocturnal emissions   wet dreams in boys. educate them that this is normal  
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risk if not getting enough sleep   hypertension, depression, heart attack, stroke, car crashes  
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what stage does alcohol disrupt in sleep   REM  
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L- tryptophan   turkey, warm milk  
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Insomnia   unrefreshed, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating  
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risk with hypnotic sleep aids   may lead to dependency, do not address problem  
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Antihistamines   dizziness, sedation, hypotension Not to be used w/ asthma or glaucoma  
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sleep apnea   more than 5 pds/hour or five pauses lasting longer than 10 sec/h  
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obstructive sleep apnea   structural defect  
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central sleep apnea   brain injury  
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mixed sleep apnea   combination of structure and neuro  
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hypersomnia   sleep all night but cant stay awake during day CNS damage, kidney, liver, metabolic, thyroid  
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narcolepsy   onset age 15-30 adorall/amphetamines  
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bruxism   stage ii non rem, teeth grinding  
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periodic limb movement (PLMD)   legs jerk twice or three times/min during sleep  
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somnabulism   sleep walking occurs during 3 and 4 of non rem  
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valerian   mild insomnia/ RLS  
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chamomile   mild sedative, some herbs harmful to liver  
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sedative-hypnotic med   CNS depression Ambien- less rebound  
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antianxiety meds   decrease arousal - not in pregnant woman  
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Noctec (chloral hydrate)   7-10 hrs  
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Lunesta (eszopiclone)   6 hrs  
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Dalmane (flurazopam)   47-100 hrs  
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lorazapam (Ativan)   10-20 hrs  
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melatonin   1 hr  
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temezepam (restoril)   9-15 hrs  
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triazolam (halcion)   1.5-5.5 hrs  
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zaleplon(sonata)   1 hour  
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zolpidem (ambien)   2.6 hrs rapid onset tolerance, withdrawl. dependence not demonstrated - give just prior to bed - contraindicated with alcohol - do not combine with other dugs that depress CNS  
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mondafinil(Provigil)   narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness half life 15hrs - does not interfere with sleep at night  
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