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Chapter 21; The Musculoskeletal System

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Term
Definition
Abduction   moving a body part away from the midline of the body  
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Adduction   moving a body part toward the midline of the body  
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Amputation   the surgical removal of an extremity  
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Arthritis   a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints  
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Bones   rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, lend support to body structures, allow the body to move, and protect the organs.  
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Bursitis   a condition in which the bursae become inflamed and painful  
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Cartilage   the protective substance that covers the ends of bones and makes up the discs that are found between vertebrae  
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Flexion   bending a body part  
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Fracture   a broken bone  
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Joints   the points where two bones meet; provide movement and flexibility  
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Ligaments   strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and support the joints and joint movement  
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Muscles   groups of tissues that contract and relax, allowing motion, supporting the body, protecting organs, and creating heat  
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Osteoporosis   a condition in which the bones become brittle and weak; may be due to age, lack of hormones, not enough calcium in bones, or lack of exercise  
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Phantom Limb Pain   pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated  
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Prosthesis   an artificial device that replaces a body part, such as an eye, hip, arm, leg, tooth, or heart valve; helps improve function  
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Rheumatoid Arthritis   a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful; movement is restricted and deformities of the hands are common  
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Sling   a bandage or piece of material that is suspended from the neck for the purpose of holding and supporting a forearm  
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Tendons   tough fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone  
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Total Hip Replacement   a surgical replacement of the head of the femur (long bone of the leg) and the socket it fits into where it joins the hip with artificial materials  
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Total Knee Replacement   a surgical replacement of a damaged or painful knee with artificial materials  
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Bursae   tiny sacs of fluid that are located near joints and help reduce friction  
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Muscular Dystrophy   an inherited, progressive disease that causes a gradual wasting of muscle, weakness, and deformity  
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Traction   a method of treating fractures by keeping bones in the proper position  
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R.I.C.E.   steps to be taken immedicately to reduce pain, swelling, and further injuery; acronym that stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation  
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Elastic Bandages   also called non-sterile or self-adhering bandages, are stretchy bandages that are wrapped around an injured body part  
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