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Newborn Nutrition

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Question
Answer
Three stages of human milk   colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk  
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Which stage of human milk is yellowish or creamy-appearing fluid that is thicker and contains more protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals   Colostrum  
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Which stage of human milk contains high levels of immunoglobulins (antibodies such as IgA and is a source of passive immunity for the newborn   Colostrum  
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which stage of human milk has more calories than colostrum and contains lactose, water-soluble vitamins, and elevated levels of fat   Transitional Milk  
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Transitional Milk appears ____ days after birth until approximately 2 weeks postpartum   2-4 days after birth  
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Which stage of human milk has 10% solids (carbs, protein, and fat) and 90% water   Mature milk  
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Which stage of human milk composition varies according to time during feeding   Mature milk  
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____ is obtained at beginning of the breast feeding with high water content and contains vitamins and protein   Foremilk  
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____ released after initial letdown of milk has a higher fat concentration   Hindmilk  
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mature breast milk and prepared formulas provide ____ kcal/oz   20 kcal/oz or 20 kcal/30ml  
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percentage of calories derived from ____ is lower in breast milk than formula   protein  
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greater percentage of calories in brest milk derived from ____   fat  
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Newborn caloric intake is ____ kcal/lb/day   50-55 kcal  
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Newborn fluid requirements is ____ mL/lb/day   64-73 (remember 30ml=1oz)  
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first 6 months weight gain formula fed   1 oz per day  
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first 6 months weight gain breastfed   .5oz/day  
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commercially prepared formulas, cow's milk proteins are high in___, low in___ and enriched with ___   High renal solute load, protein and casein content and saturated fats. Low amounts of linoleic acid. Enriched with tyrosine, phenylalaine, iron and vitamins  
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Soy protein-based formulas are for infants with ___   lactase deficiency or galactosemia. Substitute soy protein with methionine  
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What is used to prevent iron defiency anemia   iron-fortified formulas or supplements  
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T/F an infant who is allergic or intolerant to cow's milk protein can use a specialized or therapeutic formula   True  
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breast milk provides ____ in more appropriate doses than formulas   minerals  
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Although the concentration of iron in breast milk is ____ than formula, it is much more readily and fully absorbed   lower  
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with breast milk ____ are not lost through processing and heating   vitamins  
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immunologic advantages of breastfeeding include protection from what   respiratory and GI infections, otitis media, meningitis, sepsis and allergies  
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psychosocial advantages of breastfeeding include   maternal-infant attachment, oxytocin increases that causes even mood responses and increased feeling of maternal well-being  
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protein in breastmilk produces less nitrogen waste during metabolism which is a positive effect on the infant's ____ system   immature renal system  
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____ may include a brief suspension of breastfeeding   newborn jaundice  
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____ - ____ breastfeedings per day   9-12 inconvenient and stressful  
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formula-fed babies gain weight faster because of higher ____   protein  
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formula fed babies have an increased number of ____ and ____ infections   GI and respiratory  
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If formula is prepared improperly ____ are detrimental to kidneys and lead to thirst   excess salts  
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Early feeding of either breastmilk or formula   stimulates peristalsis and elemination of by-products of bilirubin conjugation  
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Timing of newborn feedings for breast and formula feeding   Breast immediately after birth, formula as soon as newborn shows interest  
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How often is a newborn fed breastmilk   8-10X/day assists mother in establishing lactation. On demand.  
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How often is a formula newborn fed   awaken for feeding every 2-5 hours, satisfied with feedings every 3-4 hours b/c digest more slowly  
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After feeding newborn place on ____ side to aid drainage and facilitate gastric emptying   Right side  
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North American and European social influence on breastfeeding   modesty and embarrassment as reason not to breastfeed, indecent to expose breast, believe too much handling spoils children and regard weaning as a sign of infant development  
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Which cultures do not offer colostrum to newborn   Mexican American, Navajo, Filipino and Vietnamese  
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which culture gives newborns boiled water until mother's milk flows, feeds on demand and respons to cries immediately   Asian  
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How long do muslim and japanese women breastfeed   Muslim until child is 2yo breastfeed b/c Koran encourages it, Japanese breastfeed for baby's first year  
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Which culture emphasize plentiful frequent feeding and introduce solid foods early and added to infant's formula   African American  
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Which traditional culture considers a fat baby healthy, infants fed on demand and spoiling is encouraged   Traditional Mexican  
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Different practices are not inferior; ____ only if harmful to mother and baby   intervene  
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What prevents milk from being ejected into duct system   lack of self-confidence, fear of embarrassment and pain  
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Why does milk production decrease   repeated inhibition of milk ejection reflex and failure to empty breasts frequently and completely  
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positon of nose and gums to facilitate successful breastfeeding   nose is at level of the nipple and gums are on areola  
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During early feedings infant should be offered ____ at each feeding   both breasts and burp between feedings on each breast and at end of feeding  
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How to encourage a sleepy baby to breastfeed   unwrap baby skin-to-skin contact  
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Feeding cues   hand-to-mouth activity, fluttering eyelids, vocalization but not crying and mouthing activities  
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to establish supply and demand, initially ____ milk is produced than infant requires   more. First weeks, newborn needs and maternal responses are not well attuned  
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remove wet breast pads frequently to avoid ____ to nipples and infection   irritation  
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Signs of milk transfer to infant include   audible swalowing, milk appearing in baby's mouth, breast feeling soft after feeding, and milk leaking from opposite breast  
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Successful breastfeeding: the number of wet diapers increases by ____ day after birth.   4th or 5th day - or 6-8 wet diapers ea day after day 5  
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Baby's stools are yellow or begin to lighten in color by the ____ day with successful breastfeeding   4th or 5th day  
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refrigerated breast milk used within ___ days   3  
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Breast milk can be frozen for up to ____ weeks   2  
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what organization provides education, assistance, printed materials and one-to-one counseling to breastfeeding mothers   La Leche League International  
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T/F most drugs do not cross into breast milk   False - most drugs do cross  
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signs of drug rx to the baby who is breastfeeding   rash, fussiness, lethargy, changes in sleeping habits or feeding patterns  
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infants should not be given more than ___oz/day of formula   32  
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