Newborn Nutrition
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Three stages of human milk | colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk
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Which stage of human milk is yellowish or creamy-appearing fluid that is thicker and contains more protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals | Colostrum
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Which stage of human milk contains high levels of immunoglobulins (antibodies such as IgA and is a source of passive immunity for the newborn | Colostrum
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which stage of human milk has more calories than colostrum and contains lactose, water-soluble vitamins, and elevated levels of fat | Transitional Milk
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Transitional Milk appears ____ days after birth until approximately 2 weeks postpartum | 2-4 days after birth
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Which stage of human milk has 10% solids (carbs, protein, and fat) and 90% water | Mature milk
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Which stage of human milk composition varies according to time during feeding | Mature milk
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____ is obtained at beginning of the breast feeding with high water content and contains vitamins and protein | Foremilk
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____ released after initial letdown of milk has a higher fat concentration | Hindmilk
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mature breast milk and prepared formulas provide ____ kcal/oz | 20 kcal/oz or 20 kcal/30ml
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percentage of calories derived from ____ is lower in breast milk than formula | protein
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greater percentage of calories in brest milk derived from ____ | fat
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Newborn caloric intake is ____ kcal/lb/day | 50-55 kcal
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Newborn fluid requirements is ____ mL/lb/day | 64-73 (remember 30ml=1oz)
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first 6 months weight gain formula fed | 1 oz per day
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first 6 months weight gain breastfed | .5oz/day
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commercially prepared formulas, cow's milk proteins are high in___, low in___ and enriched with ___ | High renal solute load, protein and casein content and saturated fats. Low amounts of linoleic acid. Enriched with tyrosine, phenylalaine, iron and vitamins
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Soy protein-based formulas are for infants with ___ | lactase deficiency or galactosemia. Substitute soy protein with methionine
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What is used to prevent iron defiency anemia | iron-fortified formulas or supplements
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T/F an infant who is allergic or intolerant to cow's milk protein can use a specialized or therapeutic formula | True
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breast milk provides ____ in more appropriate doses than formulas | minerals
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Although the concentration of iron in breast milk is ____ than formula, it is much more readily and fully absorbed | lower
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with breast milk ____ are not lost through processing and heating | vitamins
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immunologic advantages of breastfeeding include protection from what | respiratory and GI infections, otitis media, meningitis, sepsis and allergies
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psychosocial advantages of breastfeeding include | maternal-infant attachment, oxytocin increases that causes even mood responses and increased feeling of maternal well-being
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protein in breastmilk produces less nitrogen waste during metabolism which is a positive effect on the infant's ____ system | immature renal system
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____ may include a brief suspension of breastfeeding | newborn jaundice
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____ - ____ breastfeedings per day | 9-12 inconvenient and stressful
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formula-fed babies gain weight faster because of higher ____ | protein
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formula fed babies have an increased number of ____ and ____ infections | GI and respiratory
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If formula is prepared improperly ____ are detrimental to kidneys and lead to thirst | excess salts
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Early feeding of either breastmilk or formula | stimulates peristalsis and elemination of by-products of bilirubin conjugation
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Timing of newborn feedings for breast and formula feeding | Breast immediately after birth, formula as soon as newborn shows interest
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How often is a newborn fed breastmilk | 8-10X/day assists mother in establishing lactation. On demand.
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How often is a formula newborn fed | awaken for feeding every 2-5 hours, satisfied with feedings every 3-4 hours b/c digest more slowly
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After feeding newborn place on ____ side to aid drainage and facilitate gastric emptying | Right side
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North American and European social influence on breastfeeding | modesty and embarrassment as reason not to breastfeed, indecent to expose breast, believe too much handling spoils children and regard weaning as a sign of infant development
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Which cultures do not offer colostrum to newborn | Mexican American, Navajo, Filipino and Vietnamese
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which culture gives newborns boiled water until mother's milk flows, feeds on demand and respons to cries immediately | Asian
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How long do muslim and japanese women breastfeed | Muslim until child is 2yo breastfeed b/c Koran encourages it, Japanese breastfeed for baby's first year
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Which culture emphasize plentiful frequent feeding and introduce solid foods early and added to infant's formula | African American
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Which traditional culture considers a fat baby healthy, infants fed on demand and spoiling is encouraged | Traditional Mexican
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Different practices are not inferior; ____ only if harmful to mother and baby | intervene
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What prevents milk from being ejected into duct system | lack of self-confidence, fear of embarrassment and pain
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Why does milk production decrease | repeated inhibition of milk ejection reflex and failure to empty breasts frequently and completely
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positon of nose and gums to facilitate successful breastfeeding | nose is at level of the nipple and gums are on areola
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During early feedings infant should be offered ____ at each feeding | both breasts and burp between feedings on each breast and at end of feeding
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How to encourage a sleepy baby to breastfeed | unwrap baby skin-to-skin contact
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Feeding cues | hand-to-mouth activity, fluttering eyelids, vocalization but not crying and mouthing activities
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to establish supply and demand, initially ____ milk is produced than infant requires | more. First weeks, newborn needs and maternal responses are not well attuned
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remove wet breast pads frequently to avoid ____ to nipples and infection | irritation
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Signs of milk transfer to infant include | audible swalowing, milk appearing in baby's mouth, breast feeling soft after feeding, and milk leaking from opposite breast
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Successful breastfeeding: the number of wet diapers increases by ____ day after birth. | 4th or 5th day - or 6-8 wet diapers ea day after day 5
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Baby's stools are yellow or begin to lighten in color by the ____ day with successful breastfeeding | 4th or 5th day
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refrigerated breast milk used within ___ days | 3
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Breast milk can be frozen for up to ____ weeks | 2
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what organization provides education, assistance, printed materials and one-to-one counseling to breastfeeding mothers | La Leche League International
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T/F most drugs do not cross into breast milk | False - most drugs do cross
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signs of drug rx to the baby who is breastfeeding | rash, fussiness, lethargy, changes in sleeping habits or feeding patterns
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infants should not be given more than ___oz/day of formula | 32
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Created by:
cgwayland
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