chapter 19: galaxies, stars, and universe
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| spectrum | the band of color produced when white light passes through a prism
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| apparent magnitude | the brightness of a star as seen from the Earth
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| absolute magnitude | the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light years from Earth
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| light year | the distance that light travels in one year
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| parallax | the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations
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| red giant | a large reddish star late in its life cycle. fusing helium to other heavier elements
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| white dwarf | a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star
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| H-R Diagram | Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graph that shows the relationship between a star's surface temperature and absolute magnitude.
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| Main sequence | the location on the H-R diagram where most stars lie. (Hydrogen is being fused to helium)
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| Supernova | a gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space
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| neutron star | a star that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons
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| pulsar | a rapidly spinning neutron star that emits rapid pulses of radio and optical energy
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| black hole | an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravity
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| galaxy | a collection of stars, dust and gas bound together by gravity
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| nebula | a large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born or where stars explode at teh end of their lives
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| globular cluster | s tight group of stars that looks like a ball and contains up to 1 million stars
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| open cluster | a group of stars that are close together relative to surrounding stars
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| quasar | a very luminus, starlike object that generates energy at a high rate; quasars are thought to be the most distant objects in the universe
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| cosmology | the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe
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| big bang theory | the theory that states the universe began with a tremendous explosion 13.7 billion years ago
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| * life cycle of a star diagram: can you interpret and answer questions based on it? | Be able to do the same thing as your "pop" quiz. Do you know the order? What each part means?
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| *H-R diagram: can you interpret and answer questions based on it? | what is on its axes? Where certain stars are located? Where is the main sequence?
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| *magnitude | bright vs dim stars
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| *asscoiation between color, temperature, and age of a star | For example: blue stars= very hot and young in age
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| *know the life cycle of stars | 1. describe each stage 2. know the order of the diagram 3. relate it to our sun 4. how do we know which path a star will follow
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| *know how stars form | ex: in a stellar nebula that is made of gas and dust and is pulled together by gravity. makes protostar
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| *know types of galaxies and their characterisitcs | use galaxy handout to help: know which is our galaxy, the types of stars in each
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| *what will happen to the universe | according to scientists- there are multiple possibilities
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| *why do scientists study distant galaxies | this is an objective from section 3 and a bell work question- be able to explain
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| *know absorption lines and emission lines | How are they related? What does each look like? What do they tell us?
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| * how do we figure the age of the universe? | there are 2 ways...
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| * cosmic background radiation | what is it? what does it show us?
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| * what binds a galaxy together | gravity of course!
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| *know the scale of the universe | think about our galactic address activity
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| *open clusters and globular clusters | what are they, how do they differ
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| * neutron star and pulsar | what are they, how do they differ
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