Ancient History, Religion/Culture, and Gandhi to Present
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| Himalayas | largest mountains in world in North Eastern India
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| Ganges | main river system in India or South Asia
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| South Asia | another word for India in old times
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| Indo-Gangetic Plain | name of rich settled lands around the Ganges river system
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| Deccan Plateau | largest plateau in India
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| Indus | river in South Asia where first civ was located
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| Pakistan | name of modern country that Indus River flows though today
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| monsoon | seasonal winds that bring over 60% of all annual water needs in summer
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| Indian Ocean | large body of water south of India
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| Khyber Pass | opening in Hindu Kush Mts northwest of India
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| Hindu Kush | name of mountains that have Khyber Pass into India
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| Indus River Valley | first settled area of South Asia (India)
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| Harappan | name of first civilization in India
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| Mohenjo-Daro | another city in Harappan civilization of ancient India
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| Harappa | name of big city in Indus River Valley civilization
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| urban planning | Harappans had designed and gridded streets for their cities
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| citadel | fortress of Harappans
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| Sanskrit | oldest writing form in world started in India
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| Aryans | light skin invaders of India who conquer original people
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| Dravidians | original or native dark skin people of India
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| raja | local prince or king
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| caste system | social order of 4 groups in India
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| Brahmin | top of caste-priests
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| Kshatriyas | warriors or governmentt officials
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| Vaisyas | commoners
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| Sudras | day laborers or workers
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| Untouchables | below all other caste levels
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| guru | wise teacher of Hinduism
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| sati | widow must die when husband does
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| cremation | burn dead bodies to release the soul to next life
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| saddus | holy Hindu men
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| dowry | price or gift given by bride's family to groom
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| arranged marriage | family picks who you marry
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| patriarchal | males dominant in society
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| joint family | means extended family or more than 1 generation living under same roof
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| Hinduism | oldest religion in world
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| polytheism | belief in many deities
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| Brahman creator of life | all gods are a form of him
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| dharma | one's duty to follow rules of religion and caste to get better next life
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| karma | the good or bad you do in this life will affect your next life
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| reincarnation | belief that one has many many lives--one's soul is reborn into many life forms
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| cow | sacred to Hindu religion
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| yoga | form of meditation path of knowledge f to lead one to God--4 kinds
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| moksha end of all lives | no more reincarnation
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| Vishnu | the preserver
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| Siva | the destroyer
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| temple | place of worship for Hindus
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| Hindu | believer of Hinduism
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| Vedas | oldest religious writings in world
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| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism
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| Buddha | means enlightened one
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| 6BCE | Buddhism founded by Siddhartha
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| Four Noble Truths | main ideas Buddhism is based upon--humans suffer
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| Eightfold Path | list of 8 rules to live by to be a better Buddhist and gain wisdom-know 4 truths
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| meditation | technique to gain control and wisdom-form of searching for peace
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| stupas | stone towers housing relics of Buddha
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| relic | bodyparts or items worn or used by someone deemed sacred
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| Mauryan Dynasty | first original India empire
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| dynasty | rulers in a family--king inherits job
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| Asoka | greatest king of ancient India who converted to Buddhism
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| Buddhism | philosophy begun by Siddhartha
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| edicts | official messages written by Asoka on stone pillars
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| Gupta Empire | Golden Age of Indian culture and invention
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| Mahabharata | longest poem in world
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| epic | very long poem with heroes
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| Ramayana | another poem about Rama--hero king and his wife--good over evil
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| Stupas | Contains the Buddha's relics
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| Rock Pillars | Buddhist laws written on them
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| Indira Gandhi | Daughter of Nehru and PM of India
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| Jawaharlal Nehru | First PM of India
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| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Leader of Muslim League
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| Indian National Congress | Primarily a Hindu Nationalist Organization
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| Bapu | Term means "Father"
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| Mahatma | "High souled one"
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| Paternalistic | British attitude toward Indians
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| Infrastructure | Roads
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| Salt | Gandhi's famous march was over this taxed item
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| Spinning Wheel | Symbol of unity and dignity for Indians
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| Satyagraha | Conversion of one's opponent by truth and love
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| Ahimsa | Nonviolence toward all living things
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| Pakistan | Country originally created/divided in two parts.
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| Civil resister | Provokes a response from those doing injustice
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| Homespun Movement | Boycotting British Cloth
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| Amritsar | Killing site of unarmed Indians
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| Nuclear Weapons Nations | India China and Pakistan
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| Indira Gandhi | Prime Minister twice
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| Assassinated | Mohandas
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| Nonaligned | India's position during the Cold War
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| Colored | Gandhi was kicked off the train because he was
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| Untouchability | Gandhi fought against this too
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| Vaisya | Caste group of Gandhi's
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| Ashram | Communal retreat
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| 1st Atomic Bomb | August 6 1945
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| Mother Teresa | Worked with India's poor inCalcutta
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| Musharraf | Pakistan's leader today
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| Rajiv | Indira Gandhi's son
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| Congress Party | Political party of Nehru and his family
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| Cows | Modern day problem in Indian cities
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| Globalization | Spread of western business and culture into India
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| Bollywood | Type of popular musical India movie
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| BEIC | Initials of company influencing British government in 18th & 19th centuries
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| Victoria | Queen of England when India is the "crown jewel" of British colonies
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