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Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

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Anatomy   Study of structure.  
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Physiology   Study of function.  
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Dissection   Careful cuttin and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships.  
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Cadaver   Dead human body.  
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Comparative Anatomy   The study of more than one species in order to learn generalizations and evolutionary trends.  
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Palpation   Feeling structure with the fingertips, such as palpating a swollen lymph node or taking a pulse.  
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Auscultation   Listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as the heart and lung sounds.  
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Percussion   Tapping on the body and listening to the sound for signs of abnormalities such as pockets of fluid or air.  
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Gross Anatomy   Structures that can be seen with the naked eye, whether by surface observation or dissection.  
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Histology   Microscopic anatomy.  
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Hippocrates   Greek physician who is considered the "father of medicine".  
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Hippocratic Oath   Code of ethics for physicians established by Hippocrates.  
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Claudius Galen   Roman physician who wrote the most noteworthy medical textbook in the ancient era.  
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Andreas Vesalius   Published the first atlas of anatomy.  
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William Harvey   Contributions represent the birth of experimental physiology.  
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Robert Hooke   Designed scientific instruments of various kinds and made many improvemnts to the compound microscope.  
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek   Textile merchant who invented a simple microscope originally to examine the weave of his fabrics.  
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Cell Theory   All organisms are composed of cells.  
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Scientific Method   Refers less to observational procedures than to certain habits of disciplined creativity, careful observation, logical thinking, and honest analysis of one's observations and conclusions.  
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Inductive Method   Is a process of making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them.  
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Hypothetico-deductive Method   An investigator begins by asking a question and formulating a hypothesis.  
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Hypothesis   An educated speculation or possible answer to a question.  
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Falsifiability   Means that if something is claimed as scientifically true, we must be able to specify what evidence it would take to prove it wrong.  
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Peer Review   A critical evaluation by other experts in that field.  
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Sample Size   The number of subjects used in a study.  
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Controls   Comparison between treated and untreated individuals.  
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Control Group   Group not being treated.  
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Treatment Group   Group being treated.  
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Psychosomatic Effects   Can have an undesirable effect on experimental results if we do not control for them.  
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Placebo   A substance with no significant physiological effect on the body.  
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Experimenter Bias   Experimenter may want certain results so much that their biases can affect their interpretation of the data.  
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Double-blind Method   Neither the subject nor person giving treatment knows who is recieving treatment or placebo.  
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Statistical Tests   ex: chi-square test, t test, or analysis of variance.  
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Fact   Information that can be independently verified by any trained person.  
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Law of Nature   A generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave.  
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Theory   An explanatory statement, or set of statements, derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses.  
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