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lab values

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AST   8-38 u/L - femlae levels slightly lower, exercise will increase levels, elderly slightly higher   detect decrease in enzyme found in cardiac muscle and liver  
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Albumin   3.5-5.0 g/dL   to detect protein levels  
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bilirubin direct   0.1-1.2 md/dl   monitor jaundce, suggest liver disorder  
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bilirubin total   0.1-0.3 mg/dl   monitor jaundice. suggest liver disorder  
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bun - blood urea nitrogen   5-25 mg/dl - elderly slightly higher   detect renal disorder and dehydration  
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calcium   8.8-10.3 mg/dl   check calcium < or >, monitor levels, detect calcium imbalance  
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calcium ionized   4.5-5.5 mEq/l   check calcium < or >, monitor levels/imbalance  
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chloride   95-105 mEq/l   ck levels in relation to K+, Na, acid base balance  
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cholesterol   <200mg/dl - high risk > 240   ck and monitor cholesterol levels  
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c-peptide   fasting - 0.8-1.8 ng/ml   id > insulin admin in diabetic/non diabetic, dx insulin antibodies, dx insulinoma, detect cause hypoglycemia  
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CPK - creatnine phospatase   males 5-35 mcg/ml, females 5-25 mcg/ml   suggest myocardial/skeletal muscle disease, amount of MI damage  
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creatnine   0.5-1.5 mg/dl - females and elderly slightly lower d/t less muscle mass   dx renal dysfunction  
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digoxin   0.5-2 ng/ml   toxic if > 2ng/ml  
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ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate   westergren - male <50 = 0-15mm/hr >50 = 0-20 mm/hr female <50 = 0-20 mm/hr >50 = 0-30 mm/hr wintrobe - male 0-9mm/hr, female 0-15mm/hr   dx inflammatory conditions  
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glucose - FBS, fasting blood sugar   70-110 mg/dl   dx sugar levels in blood  
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glucose post prandial   <140 mg/dl, elderly <160 mg/dl   ck sugar levels in system 2 hr after eating  
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hematocrit - HCT   male 40-54%, female 36-46%   ck volume of RBC in blood  
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Hemoglobin - Hgb   male 13.5-18 g/dl, female 12-15 g/dl   monitor hemoglobin on RBC, assist dx anemia, fluid deficit  
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HbA1C - glycosated hemoglobin   4-6% normal, <7% in diabetics   monitor DM tx, determine compliance to Dm tx  
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INR   2.0-3.0, mechanical heart valve = 2.5-3.5   monitor coumadin tx  
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lithium   0.8-1.2 mEq/l   toxic >1.5 mEq/l....lethal >4.0 mEq/l  
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lymphocytes   t cells = 60-80% b cells = 4-16%   detect selected autoimmune disease, monitor tx for immunosuppressive disease  
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PTT   60-70 seconds   monitor heparin tx, screen for clotting factors  
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PT   11-13 seconds   blood clotting factors - also called INR  
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platelet count   150000-400000 mm3    
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potassium   3.5-5.0 mEq/l panic <2.5 or >7.0   < or > = cardiac issues  
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pre-albumin   17-40 mg/dl female ave - 18 male ave - 21.6   assess nutritional status  
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RBC   male 4.6-6.0 mm3 female 4.0-5.0 mm3    
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MCV - mean corpuscular volume   80-98 um3    
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reticulocyte count   0.5-1.5% of all RBC (25000-75000 microliter)   aid in dx anemias  
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sodium   135-145 mEq/l    
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TSH   0.35-5.5 microinternational u/ml   thyroid dysfunction  
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triglycerides   40-190 mg/dl prefer <150   monitor hyperlipemia  
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urine specific gravity   1.005-1.025   hydration, renal issues, DM issues  
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pH   urine = 4.5-8.0, ave = 6 blood = 7.35-7.45   acidity = <7.0 neutral = 7.0 alkaline = >7.0  
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pCO2   35-45 mm hg   arterial blood gas test  
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pO2   70-100 mm hg   arterial blood gas test  
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O2 sat %   >95%    
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HCO3 - bicarbonate ion   24-28 mEq/l   arterial blood gas test  
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WBC   4500-10000 mm3   s/s infection and issues w/immune system  
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neutrophils   segments = 50-65% bands = 0-5% total = 50-70%   most numerous, first line defense to inflammatory/tissue injury on hystogram = the head/body  
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eosinophils   1-3%   increase during allergic and parasitic conditions on hystogram = the sneeze  
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basophils   0.4-1.0%   increase during healing process on hystogram = the feet/shoes  
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monocytes   4-6%   second line defense for bacterial infections and foreign substances on hystogram = the backpack  
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lymphocytes   25-35%   > occurs in chronic and viral infections on hystogram = the pants/legs  
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HDL - good cholesterol   29-77 mg/dl   considered high/bad <35  
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LDL - bad cholesterol   60-160 mg/dl   high/bad >160  
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neutrophil granulocytes   >1500 cells/mm3 mild >1000 moderate >500 severe <500   dx neutropenia  
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ALT   10-35 units/L - male and elderly levels slighty higher   to detect presence of liver disorder  
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