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CSCA - Soups & Stocks

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Term
Definition
AROMATICS   Any herb, spice, vegetable or combination used to impart flavor and enhance the quality of the food preparation.  
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BISQUE   Classically a crayfish soup. Today it refers to any shellfish as well as some meat, poultry or vegetable purée soups that are finished with cream.  
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BOUQUET GARNI   Parsley stems, spring of thyme, bay leaf, tied together. Added to stock for flavor.  
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BROTH   A flavored liquid obtained from the simmering of meat and bones and aromatics to be used like a stock as a base or consumed on it's own. The cooking time tends to be shorter and flavor more intense.  
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COMPOUND SOUP   Solid ingredients cooked in a broth or stock. The ingredients are left in and eaten, e.g., Chicken Soup or Minestrone.  
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CONSOMMÉ   A stock that has been clarified using a raft to obtain a translucent liquid. A Double Consomme is a stock that has been fortified with additional meat to create a highly flavorful liquid.  
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CREAM SOUP   One of the 6 categories defined by Escoffier. Based on Bechamel or vegetable purée. Has cream added.  
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DEGLAZING   To release the congealed and caramelized particles from the bottom of the pan by adding liquid and scraping.  
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FOND BLANC   French for "White Stock". A flavorful liquid obtained from the simmering of bones and aromatics.  
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FOND BRUN   French for "Brown Stock" A flavorful liquid obtained from simmering well-caramelized bones and aromatics.  
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FOND DE CUISINE   “Foundation of Food” meaning stock.  
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FULL TERM SOUP (POT AU FEU)   Similar to a compound soup. Provides two courses in one pot. Meat and vegetable.  
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FUMET   A white stock made from the frames of firm, non-oily white fish. It is done in a non-reactive pot and simmered only 35 minutes to prevent the bones from breaking down and create an off taste and cloudy stock.  
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LIAISON   A mixture of 3 yolks to 1 cup cream used to thicken and en-richen. It must be added by tempering and not heated over 180ºF.  
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PANADA   A thick paste or mixture used for binding. Ground bread mixed with a small amount of liquid is most common.  
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RAFT   The primary clarifying agent in making consomme. A mixture of egg whites, egg shells, aromatics and ground meats are mixed together with cold stock or broth. The mixture is brought just to a boil then simmered gently.  
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STOCK or FOND   The flavorful liquid obtained from the simmering of bones and aromatics.  
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TAMIS   A flat drum wire mesh used to remove unwanted particles by forcing the purée through the screen.  
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TEMPERING   Adding a hot liquid into a cool liquid to raise the cool liquid up to temperature. Then add the tempered liquid to the rest. Technique used when adding a liaison.  
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VELOUTÉ   One of the Mother Sauces. It is stock that has been thickened with a roux, simmered to remove the flour taste and strained. It is always skimmed to remove impurities.  
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