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Chemistry C2 Rev.

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What is an ISOTOPE?   Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons  
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What is IONIC BONDING?   When atoms lose or gain an electron  
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What is COVALENT BONDING?   When atoms share an electron  
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What is an EXOthermic reaction?   Transfers energy/heat to surroundings  
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What is an ENDOthermic reaction?   Energy is taken from surroundings and into reaction  
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What is an ACID?   A substance with a PH less than 7  
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What is a BASE   A substance with a PH more than 7 and is used to neturalise a reaction  
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What is an ALKALI   A base that dissolves in water  
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What is ELECTROPLATING?   Uses electrolysis to coat the surface of on metal with another  
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What are the features of DIAMOND?   -Four strong covalent bonds -Very rigid -High MP -Insoluble in water -Not conduct electricity/heat  
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What are the features of GRAPHITE   -3 covalent bonds -Layers which are free to slide over eachother - Soft -High MP -Each carbon atom has one delocalised electron which allows it to conduct heat/electricity  
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What is THERMOSETTING polymer   -Consists of polymer chains with cross links between them -Strong tough hard rigid - Strong intermolecular forces  
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What is a THERMOSOFTENING polymer   -Consists of individual tangled polymer chains - Melts easily - Weak intermolecular forces - Chains are free to slide over eachother  
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What 4 things affect the rate of a reaction?   Temperature, Concentration, Catalyst, SA of solids  
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ACID + METAL ->   SALT + HYDROGEN  
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ACID + BASE ->   SALT + WATER  
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ACID + CARBONATE ->   SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE  
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Why is CRYOLITE used in the extration of aluminium   To lower the temperature and costs  
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