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yearly review

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
wave   Any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space  
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medium   Substance through which a wave can travel  
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vibration   complete back & forth motion of an object  
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lontitudinal wave   Waves that need a medium  
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electromagnetic wave   Waves that transfer energy without a medium  
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transverse wave   Waves where particles vibrate in an up & down motion, perpendicular to the direction of the wave  
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compression   When particles crowd together in a longitudinal wave  
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trough   The lowest point between each crest  
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crest   the highest point of a transverse wave  
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rarefraction   area where particles in a longitudinal wave are spread apart  
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mechanical wave   wave that needs a medium  
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amplitude   maximum distance the particles of a waves' medium vibrate from their rest position  
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frequency   number of waves produced in a given amount of time  
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wavelength   distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave  
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wave speed   the speed at which a wave travels through a medium  
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reflection   bouncing back of a wave  
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transparent   matter that allows light to pass through and produce an image. You can see through  
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transluscent   matter that allows light but not an image to come through  
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opaque   matter that does not allow light or an image to pass through. You can not see through it.  
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refraction   bending of a wave  
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diffraction   change in direction of a wave  
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loudness   the extent to which you can hear a sound  
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pitch   how high or low a sound is  
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iris   colorerd part of the eye  
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cornea   membrane that protects the eye  
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middle ear   this is where the stirrup, anvil, and hammer are found  
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smooth, hard surface   this type of surface is best for reflecting  
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color deficiency   color blind  
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atom   smallest part of an element  
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100   this is about the number of elements on the periodic table  
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element   substances that can not be separated into simpler substances by chemical means  
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solid   state of matter that has a definite shape and volume  
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liquid   state of matter that has definite volume but not definite shape  
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gas   state of matter without definite shape or volume  
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volume   amount of space matter takes up  
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mass   amount of matter an object has  
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matter   anything that takes up space  
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spread apart and move faster   what happens as atoms are heated  
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solubility   property of a solute to dissolve  
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energy   the ability to do work  
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kinetic energy   energy of motion  
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potential energy   stored energy  
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mechanical energy   energy of motion and position (potential and kinetic)  
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thermal energy   energy related to temperature  
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electrical energy   energy of moving electrons  
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heat   energy transferred between two objects of different temperatures  
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warmer to cooler   how does heat travel  
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conduction   transfer of energy from one object to another by direct contact  
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convection   transfer of thermal energy by circulation of liquid or gas  
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radiation   transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves  
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ultraviolet rays   when your body absorbs them, you become warmer  
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rotation   spin of a body on its axis that causes day and night  
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orbit   path a body follows as it travels around another body in space  
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revolution   one complete trip along an orbit that takes about a year  
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ellipse   an elongated circle  
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Newton   described force of gravity  
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inertia   this is why the moon doesn't crash  
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Earth's tilt and revolution around the sun   this causes seasons  
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support life   because Earth has liquid water, an atmosphere and reasonable temperatures, it can do this  
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new moon   phase of moon where it is not visible  
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waxing   when the moon appears to be getting larger in the sky  
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waning   when the moon appears to be getting smaller in the sky  
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lunar eclipse   Earth comes between the sun and moon  
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solar eclipse   when the moon comes between the Earth and sun  
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eclipse   when the shadow of one celestial body fall on another  
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a month   It takes about this long for the moon to go through its cycles  
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tides   daily changes in the level of the oceans  
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high tides   places where the oceans bulge  
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tidal range   difference between levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide  
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spring tide   largest daily range occurring at full moon and new moon  
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neap tide   smallest daily tidal range occurring during 1st and 3rd quarter  
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Side facing the moon   this is the part of the Earth that the moon has the strongest pull on  
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crust   thin layer of hard rock that is the thinnest layer of the Earth that is also the least dense  
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Core   innermost layer of the Earth made of iron and nickel that is the densest layer.  
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mantle   thickest layer of the Earth that is made out of soft material  
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nitrogen and oxygen   Earth's atmosphere is made up mostly of these two elements  
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oceanic and continental   The crust is divided into these two plates  
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plate tectonics   the shifting of the Earth's plates  
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subduction   when one plate is forced under another plate  
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fault lines or plate boundaries   where you find most earthquqkes and volcanoes  
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lava   molten rock that has erupted from a volcano  
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magma   molten rock inside a volcano  
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seismology   the branch of science that studies earthquakes  
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P waves   the fastest waves that travel back and forth  
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S waves   second waves to arrive  
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surface waves   slowest waves that cause the most damage from an earthquake  
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divergent boundary   when plates pull apart from each other  
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convergent boundary   when plates run into each other  
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transform boundary   when plates slide past each other  
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richter scale   measures the magnitude of earthquakes  
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soil   a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water and air that can support plant growth  
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parent rock   a rock formation that is the source of the soil  
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bedrock   layer of rock beneath the soil  
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soil structure   the arrangement of soil particles  
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soil fertility   soil's ability to supply nutrients to a plant  
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soil horizons   layers of horizontal rock  
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transpiration   the loss of water through a plant's leaves  
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erosion   the transporting of soil by wind, water. or other means  
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terracing   using a stair step approach on a hill for planting crops to prevent erosion.  
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countour plowing   plowing diagonally on hills to prevent erosion  
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crop roation   method farmers use to reduce nutrient depletion by planting different crops year after year.  
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photosynthesis   process by which plants make food by taking in carbon dioxide and expelling oxygen  
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cellular respiration   process in which cells use oxygen to get energy  
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petal   the colorful part of the flower  
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pistil   the female reproductive part of a flower  
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stamen   the male reproductive part of a flower  
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anther   top of the stamen where pollen is found  
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sepal   modified leaves that protect the flower  
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ovary   eggs are found in this part of the flower  
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humus   dark organic material that is the remains of plant snd animals.  
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chlorophyll   green pigment that absorbs energy in plants  
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stoma   opening in a leaf's epidermis & cuticle  
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pangaea   the name given to the continents when they were supposedly connected as one giant super continent  
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ecology   the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another in the environment  
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biotic   describes living factors in the environment  
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abiotic   describes nonliving part of the environment  
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population   a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area  
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community   all of the populations of species in the same habitat that interact with each other  
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ecosystem   a community of organisms and their abiotic environment  
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biosphere   part of Earth where life exists  
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herbivore   organism that eats only plants  
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carnivore   organisms that eats only animals  
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omnivore   organism that eats both plants and animals  
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producers   make their own food (plants)  
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consumers   eat to make energy  
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decomposers   break down the tissue of dead organisms (fungi, mushrooms, bacteria)  
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food chain   pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms  
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food web   diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem  
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energy pyramid   triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy which results as energy passes through the ecosytem's food chain  
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prey   organism that is killed and eaten by another organism  
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predator   an organism that eats all or part of an organism  
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tropism   a plant's bending or moving toward or away from a stimulus (like light)  
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dormancy   period of inactivity  
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pillow lava   Lava that is formed underwater  
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