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questions/answers on Bones and locations

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Question
Answer
2 methods of Bone Formation   1)Intramembrous method: Fibrous Membrane replaced by bone skull bone, face,shaft,clavicle 2)Endochondral or Cartilaginous:cartilage replaced by bone all other bones.  
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Bone Growth in Width   Appositional Growth = side to side = layer to layer. Beneath periosteum: a deeper layer of periosteum composed og osteoblasts which are responsible for new bone.  
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Bone Growth in Length   Epiphyseal Plate: growth due to cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate as it grows replace by osteoblasts  
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Minerals in Bones/Bone Composition   ALL MINERALS; examples: collagen, calcium, phosphate, carbonate, fluoride, magnesium, sodium, even lead  
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What attaches the periosteum to bone?   Sharpey's Fibers  
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What bone does the occipital condyles rest on?   1st vertebrae or atlas  
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Where is the superior orbital fissure found?   sphenoid bone = slit in the back of eye sockets  
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Where is the glabella found?   frontal bone  
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Where is the perpendicular plate found?   ethmoid bone = downward extension from the cribiform plate that forms part of the nasal septum  
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Where is the mastoid process found?   temporal bone = projects downward on temporal bone contains air spaces which communicate with middle ear  
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Where is the optic foramen found?   sphenoid bone = below the lesser wings an opening on each side of the sphenoid body.  
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Where is the anterior clinoid processes found?   sphenoid bone = 2 processes that extend back from the lesser wings of the sphenoid  
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Name ALL parts of the ethmoid bone   cribriform plates = indentations, crista galli = boney middle, perpindicular plate, olfactory formins - tiny holes, nasal septum = superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha  
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Where is the infra orbital foramen found?   maxilla bone = holes on either side of the nose up toward the eyes  
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Where is the capitulum found?   condyloid process (mandible) slightly upper end of the mandible = it articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint  
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Where are the transverse processes found?   all vertebrae  
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Where are facets found?   Thoracic vertabrae (all vertebrae)  
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What is compact bone?   Solid Strong Support Protection Found along lines of stress in shaft of long bones Forms protective outer shell in others  
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What 2 bones have alveolar processes?   Maxillary = top jaw mandible = bottom jaw  
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The superior articular process forms a joint with what?   inferior articular process  
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What are the primary curves of the vertabral column?   thoracic and sacral  
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What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column?   cervical = when baby holds head up lumbar = when baby begins to walk  
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Where is the jugular notch located?   manubrium  
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Where is the sternal angle located?   sternum separates manubrium and body  
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Fontanels and Locations 2 at top of skull   1)anterior/frontal = junction of sagittal.coronal and frontal sutures. 2)occipital/posterior = junction of sagittal and lomboidal suture  
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Fontanels and Locations 2 on side of skull   anterolateral = eachside@ junction of frontal,parietal,sphenoid,temperal bone (temple) posterolateral = each side @ juction of temporal,parietal,occipital bones (by optic foramen)  
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Where is the clavicle notch located and what does it form?   manubrium forms sterno clavicular joints  
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Where is bone marrow found?   medullary cavity  
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What is another name for shaft?   diaphysis  
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What is ossification?   bone formation  
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What is osteomyelitis?   inflammation of bone  
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What is the bone destroying cell?   osteoclast  
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What is the bone forming cell?   osteoblast  
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How many different vertebrae are there?   7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic (thorax) 5 lumbar (small of back) 1 sacram (fusion of 5 bones) 1 coccyx (fusion of 4 verebrae)  
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What is the membrane that helps bone repair itself?   periosteum / fibrous membrane  
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How many pairs of ribs are there and how are they classified?   12 pairs trues ribs (1st) 7 and attahced to sternum false ribs last 5 but 8-10 are attahced to cartilage of 7th rib floating ribs last 2 of flase ribs not attached to anything all ribs attahced to vertebral column  
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Where is the sella turcia located?   sphenoid bone  
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where are the anterior and posterior clinoids located?   sphenoid bone  
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Where are the greater and lesser wings located?   sphenoid bone  
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What is a Cleft palate and what 2 bones are involved?   line separating L and R side of palatine process don't fuse. 2 BONES palatine process(3/4) and palatine bone (1/4)  
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What are the 2 names of the cheek bone?   Zygomatic and malor  
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What are the abormalities of the spine?   kyphosis/hunchback = increase of thoracic curve, lordosis/swayback = increase in lumbar curve, scoliosis = side to side curvature  
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what is spina bifida?   An opening in the spine where laminae of vertebrae fail to fuse together. leaving an opening where the contents of the verebral canal protude outward. looks like a tail sticking out of back  
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what are the name of the sutures on skull and their locations?   coronal = B/W frontal and parietal bone lambdoidal = B/W parietal and occipital bone sagittal = B/W two parietal bones squamosal = B/W temproal and parietal bones  
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2 parts of the hard palate?   palatine process = (1st) 3/4 palatine bone last 1/4  
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where is the transverse foramen and what comes through it?   found in the cervical vertebrae and carries arteries to brain.  
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what is cancellous/spongy bone?   weak, holey,light weight,found under compact shell and in epiphyses of the long bone with marrow filled spaces  
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where is the inferior conchae (turbinates) located?   extend along lateral walls of nasal cavities. buldges on the side of each nasal cavity  
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What bones contain sinuses?   frontal mastoid maxillary  
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Costal cartilage   Thoracic /sternum  
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Where is the occipital condyles found? What bone?   Occipital bone  
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