BOCES GI A&P
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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What are enzymes? | Proteins that help break down large food particles for digestion
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Where is amylase activated? | Salivary glands and pancreas
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Where is the esophagus and what does it connect? | Behind trachea - pharynx to stomach
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What is peristalsis? | Movement through GI system
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What substance is food changed to in the stomach? | Chyme
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Which gastric juice helps to kill bacteria? | HCL
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Which enzyme aids in vit b12 absorption? | Intrinsic factor
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What are the folds in the stomach called? | Rugae
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What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine? | Exocrine is excretion through a duct. Endocrine is excretion directly into circulation or tissues.
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What is stomatitis? | Ulcers in mouth
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What is sialolithias? | Salivary stone
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What bacteria is responsible for most gastric ulcers? | H. pylori
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What is pyrosis? | Heart burn
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Where does heart burn occur? | Cardiac sphincter
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What keeps food from reentering esophagus from stomach? | Cardiac sphincter
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What are the small finger-like projections lining the small intestines? | Villi
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What is a paralytic ileus? | Peristalsis stops or slows and food, gas and fluid backs up.
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If an appendix ruptures, what is the infection called within the abdominal cavity? | Peritonitis
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Main functions of large intestines: | Absorbs water, bacteria to synthesize vitamins, waste stored and moved to rectum
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Where is bile produced? | Liver
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Where is bile stored? | Gallbladder
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Which part of the GI system is generally affected by Crohn's disease? | Small intestine
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Which part of GI system is usually affected by Ulcerative Colitis and Diverticulitis? | Large intestine
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Main functions of liver: | Detoxifies blood
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What vitamins are stored in liver? | A, E, K, D, B12
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What fluid build-up can be caused by portal hypertension? | Ascites
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What is a paracentesis? | Removal of fluid from abdominal cavity
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What is the blood product responsible for skin color changes in jaundice? | Bilirubin
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Where does bilirubin get its color? | Old RBC's
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What is cholelithiasis? | Gallstones
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Describe difference between acinar cells and Islets of Langerhans. | Acinar cels = exocrine/digestive enzymes.
Islets of L. = endocrine/insulin
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What is converted to urea in the liver? | Ammonia, which is very toxic to the body
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Where is glycogen stored? | Liver
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What is C-difficile and what part of the GI tract does it affect? | Spore-forming, opportunistic bacteria. Lines colon, causes explosive diarrhea.
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