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BOCES GI A&P

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Question
Answer
What are enzymes?   Proteins that help break down large food particles for digestion  
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Where is amylase activated?   Salivary glands and pancreas  
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Where is the esophagus and what does it connect?   Behind trachea - pharynx to stomach  
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What is peristalsis?   Movement through GI system  
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What substance is food changed to in the stomach?   Chyme  
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Which gastric juice helps to kill bacteria?   HCL  
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Which enzyme aids in vit b12 absorption?   Intrinsic factor  
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What are the folds in the stomach called?   Rugae  
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What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?   Exocrine is excretion through a duct. Endocrine is excretion directly into circulation or tissues.  
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What is stomatitis?   Ulcers in mouth  
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What is sialolithias?   Salivary stone  
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What bacteria is responsible for most gastric ulcers?   H. pylori  
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What is pyrosis?   Heart burn  
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Where does heart burn occur?   Cardiac sphincter  
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What keeps food from reentering esophagus from stomach?   Cardiac sphincter  
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What are the small finger-like projections lining the small intestines?   Villi  
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What is a paralytic ileus?   Peristalsis stops or slows and food, gas and fluid backs up.  
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If an appendix ruptures, what is the infection called within the abdominal cavity?   Peritonitis  
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Main functions of large intestines:   Absorbs water, bacteria to synthesize vitamins, waste stored and moved to rectum  
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Where is bile produced?   Liver  
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Where is bile stored?   Gallbladder  
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Which part of the GI system is generally affected by Crohn's disease?   Small intestine  
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Which part of GI system is usually affected by Ulcerative Colitis and Diverticulitis?   Large intestine  
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Main functions of liver:   Detoxifies blood  
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What vitamins are stored in liver?   A, E, K, D, B12  
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What fluid build-up can be caused by portal hypertension?   Ascites  
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What is a paracentesis?   Removal of fluid from abdominal cavity  
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What is the blood product responsible for skin color changes in jaundice?   Bilirubin  
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Where does bilirubin get its color?   Old RBC's  
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What is cholelithiasis?   Gallstones  
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Describe difference between acinar cells and Islets of Langerhans.   Acinar cels = exocrine/digestive enzymes. Islets of L. = endocrine/insulin  
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What is converted to urea in the liver?   Ammonia, which is very toxic to the body  
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Where is glycogen stored?   Liver  
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What is C-difficile and what part of the GI tract does it affect?   Spore-forming, opportunistic bacteria. Lines colon, causes explosive diarrhea.  
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