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Stuff to know

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
3 types of neurons   Sensory neuron (afferent) Motor neuron (efferent) Interneuron (connecting)  
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Myelinated tracts of the brain & chord   white matter  
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Functions of the Cerebellum   smooth coordinated movements balance (equilibrium) normal posture  
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Functions of the Hypothalamus   urine volume, body temp, blood vessels, contraction of stomach/intestines, emotions, & sleep cycle  
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Reflex arc   basic type of neuron pathway  
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Involuntary motor nerves   Autonomic  
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Proprioception   muscle spindles  
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Group of wrapped Axons   Fascicle  
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A group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS   ganglion  
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2 layers of meninges   1.Pia 2.Arachnoid 3.Dura mater  
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3 things the vital centers control   1.Cardiac 2.Respiratory 3.Vasomotor  
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Quadriplegia   paralysis of all 4 extremities  
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What is the H shape of the spinal chord made up of?   gray matter  
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Viral infection that is a reactivation of varicella virus   Shingles  
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2 principal divisions of nervous system   Central Peripheral  
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2 types of cells found in the nervous system   Neurons & glia  
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3 parts of neuron   1.Cell body-main part 2.Dendrites-1 or more branching projections 3.Axon-1 elongated projection  
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The most common myelin disorder of the CNS   multiple sclerosis  
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Condition characterized by facial paralysis   bells palsy  
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Blocks substances from getting through the blood to the brain   Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)  
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Location of the diencephalon   Above the midbrain and below the cerebrum  
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How many pair of spinal nerves are there?   31  
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pairs: number of cranial nerves   12 pair  
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Severe pain from 5th cranial nerve; usually affects one side of head/face   trigeminal neuralgia; tic douloureaux  
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Gray matter   brain & cord tissue composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons & dendrites  
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Synapse   the microscopic space separating the axon ending of one neuron from the dendrites of another neuron  
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Neurons   nerve cells that conduct impulses  
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Sensory neurons   Transmit impulses to the spinal chord and brain from all parts of body; Afferent  
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Motor neurons   Transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal chord-only to 2 kinds of tissue (muscle and glandular epithelial); Efferent  
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Interneurons   conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons; central or connecting  
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Water on the brain   hydrocephalus  
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Glioma   one of the most common types of brain tumor-develops from glia cells  
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Function of auditory tube   stabilizes pressure  
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Sheath that covers the whole nerve   epineural  
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Astrocytes   threadlike branches that attach to neurons and small blood vessels holding them together  
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Microglia   smaller, stationary glia cells  
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Glia   "neuroglia", Support neurons, holds functioning neurons together & protects them  
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Schwann cells   produces myelin  
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Cerebrum   Largest part of the brain  
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Cerebellum   Second largest part of the brain  
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The response to impulse conduction over a reflex arc   reflex  
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Part of ANS that increases heartbeat, decreases digestion   Sympathetic  
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Meninges   fluid filled membrane that covers the brain  
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Axon covering (around schwann cell & myelin )   endoneurium  
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Where does spinal chord start and end?   Starts just below occipital bone Ends after 1st lumbar vertebrae  
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Inherited, progresses to severe dementia and death   Huntington disease  
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Outer cell/membrane of a schwann cell   neurilemma  
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Malignant tumor of sympathetic nervous system   neuroblastoma ( affects children mostly )  
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Vital centers are located here   Medulla oblongata  
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Hemiplegia   paralysis of 1/2 the body  
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"bridge", nerve cells cross from one side of the brain to control the opposite side of the body   pons  
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Area of brain that provides nerve conduction pathways to and from the brain   midbrain  
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General name for tumors arising in nervous system structures   neuroma  
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Covers the fascicle   perineurium  
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Located between pia mater and arachnoid mater   cerebral spinal fluid  
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Grooves in the brain   sulci, sulcus  
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The beginnings of dendrites of sensory neurons   receptors  
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Ridges in the brain   Gyri, Gyrus  
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Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus   diencephalon  
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2 major structures of diencephalon   1.hypothalamus 2.thalamus  
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3 parts of brainstem   1.medulla oblongata 2.pons 3.midbrain  
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Upward extension of spinal cord   medulla oblongata  
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Chemicals by which neurons communicate   neurotransmitters  
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Outer cell membrane of schwann cell   neurilemma  
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4 main divisons of brain   1.brainstem 2.cerebellum 3.diencephalon 4.cerebrun  
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Change in temperature   thermoreceptor  
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Corpus callosum   connects the two portions of the brain  
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ADH hormone controls this   volume of urine  
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3 types of glia   1.astrocytes 2.microglia 3.oligodendrocytes  
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Neurotransmitters that act like morphine   endorphins and encephalons  
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White, fatty substance made by schwann cells   myelin  
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Indentations between adjacent schwann cells   nodes of ranier  
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A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system   autonomic nervous system (ANS)  
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Nerves of the body   preipheral nervous system (PNS)  
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Brain and spinal cord   central nervous system (CNS)  
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Disease characterized by lack of dopamine   parkinsons  
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Caused by lack of oxygen to the brain   cerebral palsy (CVA-verebral vascular accident)  
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CSF   cerebral spinal fluid  
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Two neuron arc   simplest kind of reflex arc  
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Bundles of axons in the CNS   tracts  
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3 places the ANS conducts the impulses to   1.cardiac muscle 2.smooth muscle 3.glandular  
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Functions of thalamus   alerting, sensation, and associates sensation with emotion  
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Voluntary motor nerves   somatic  
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Two part discrimination   ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two  
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Blood capillaries in brain used to filter cerebral spinal fluid   choroid plexis  
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Help hold nerve fibers together   oligodendrocytes  
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Play a role in sleep, motor function, mood, and pleasure   catacholamines  
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Paralysis of one side of body   hemiplegia  
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Partial paralysis on one side of the body   hemiparesis  
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Malignant tumor of neurological cells   glioma  
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Any disease of the brain   encephalopathy  
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Softening of brain tissue   encephalomalacia  
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Inflammation of the brain   encephalitis  
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Any disease of the nerves   neuropathy  
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Tumor usually in young children; highly malignant; derived from embryonic neural tissue   neuroblastoma  
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Inflammation of nerves   neuritis  
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Nerve pain   neuralgia  
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Softening of spinal cord   myelomalacia  
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Tumor of the meninges   meningioma  
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Inflammation of the meninges   meningitis  
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Herniation of the meninges through a hold in skull or vertebral column   meningocele  
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Herniation of meninges and spinal cord   meningomyelocele  
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